HADFIELD 



377O 



HADLEY WOOD 



namely Minos, Rhadamanthus, and 

 Aeacus. The virtuous were sent to 

 dwell in Elysium (q.v.), which is 

 generally regarded as a separate 

 place ; in Virgil, however, it is in 

 Hades. The place of punishment 

 and torture was Tartarus ; here 

 were confined such malefactors as 

 Ixion, and the Giants who rebelled 

 against Zeus. See Hell. Pron. 

 Haydeez. 



Hadfield. Village and eccles. 

 district of Derbyshire. It is 13 m. 

 from Manchester by the G.C. Ely., 

 which has a station here, and 1 m. 

 N.W. of Glossop. The industries 

 include calico and print works. 

 Between here and Woodhead is 

 the source of the Derwent, and a 

 series of reservoirs from which 

 Manchester obtains some of its 

 water. Pop. 6,500. 



Hadfield, SIR ROBERT ABBOTT 

 (b. 1859). British metallurgist. 

 He initiated and carried out a series 

 of investiga- 

 tions on the 

 microstructu re 

 of steel and its 

 alloys, c h r o- 

 miumsteeljSili- 

 con steel, high- 

 speed toolsteel, 

 etc. His dis- 

 covery of man- 

 ganese steel in 

 1882 increased 

 the prosperity 

 of his Shef- 

 field steel works, and brought him 

 recognition from every steel-pro- 

 ducing country. He made a study 

 of low hysteresis steel and con- 

 tributed a number of technical 

 papers on the subject of steel and 

 steel testing to scientific periodicals. 

 Master cutler of Sheffield, 1899- 

 1900, he was president of the Iron 

 and Steel Institute 1905-7. He 

 was made a baronet in 1917, having 

 been knighted in 1908. See Steel. 



Hadham. Two parishes of 

 Hertfordshire, England. Great or 

 Much Hadham is near the river 

 Ash, 4 m. S.W. of Bishop's Stort- 

 ford, with a station on the G.E.R. 

 The manor was given by King 

 Edgar to the bishop of London. 

 The old palace was built about 

 1400. The existing mansion dates 

 from 1780. The Early English 

 church of S. Andrew, much re- 

 stored, was erected in 1300. 



Little Hadham, formerly Had- 

 ham Parva, 3 m. N.W. of Bishop's 

 Stortford, has a 12th century 

 church, with a timbered porch, 

 Perpendicular tower, and a chancel 

 restored in 1885, and is associated 

 with the Capel family. Near by 

 is Hadham Hall, an Elizabethan 

 structure. Brickmaking is a local 

 industry. Pop. Great Hadham, 

 1,606; Little Hadham, 744. 



Sir Robert Hadfield, 

 British metallurgist 



Russell 



Hadhramaut OR HADRAMAUT. 

 District of Arabia. Extending 

 from the Aden Protectorate and 

 the Yemen to Oman, this little- 

 known region lies along the Gulf 

 of Aden and the Arabian Sea, and 

 is bounded on the N. by the 

 Great Arabian Desert. From 

 Aden the British exercise a certain 

 political control over it. Its chief 

 natural features are the Jebel 

 Tsahura (alt. 8,000 ft.) and the 

 great, usually dry, Wady Had- 

 hramaut. Some of its valleys are 

 fertile, but it is 

 a poor country. 

 Shibam is itschief 

 town, and its port 

 is Makalla, or 

 Mokella, which 

 does a fair amount 

 of trade. The pop. 

 of the region is 

 estimated at 

 500,000, mostly 

 Beduin. The 

 five Kuria Muria 

 Islands, lying off 

 the coast towards 

 Oman, are Brit- 

 ish, the sultan of 

 Muskat ceding 

 them to provide 

 a landing for the Red Sea cable. 



Hading, JAKE (b. 185a). Stage 

 name of Jeanne Alfredine Tre- 

 fouret, French actress. Born Nov. 

 ... 25, 1859, her 



I talent, which 

 I had shown it- 

 I self as a child, 

 I was developed 

 I in the Mar- 

 fli seilles Con- 

 I servatoire, and 

 ^ she was about 

 -^r; I 14'- years old 



^HralH when she began 

 T t < > make a name 



for herself at 

 A 1 g i e r s and 

 Cairo. She was 

 first seen in 

 Paris in 1879, 

 at the Palais- 

 Royal in La 

 Six years later 



she was engaged by Victor Karing, 

 whom she married, at the Gymnase, 

 but her greatest success was in 

 Frou Frou, 1886. Associated with 

 the Comedie Fran9aise, in 1896 she 

 acted the title-role in Sardou's 

 Marcelle. She retired in 1920. 



Hadj OR HADJI. Arabic term 

 applied to a Moslem on his return 

 from the pilgrimage (hadj) to 

 Mecca and Mount Arafat which is 

 incumbent, where it is possible, on 

 every devout Mahomedan once 

 in his lifetime. One who has made 

 the pilgrimage has the title el- 

 hadj, i.e. the pilgrim, prefixed to 

 his name, and the right to wear a 



green turban. See Kaaba ; Mecca ; 

 consult also Pilgrimage to El 

 Medina and Meccah, R. F. Burton, 

 1855-56. 



Hadjin OR HAJIN. Town of 

 Cilisia, in the vilayet of Adana, 

 Asia Minor. Dating from the 14th 

 century, it lay 80 m. N. of Adana, 

 situated at an alt. of 3,200 ft., on 

 the southern slopes of the Anti- 

 Taurus. Most of its population, 

 numbering about 10,000, were 

 Armenians, and a Protestant mis- 

 sion was established there. In 1920 

 the Armenians defended the town 

 for several months against Turkish 

 Nationalists, but at the end of Oct. 

 the town fell to theTurks,who massa- 

 cred most of the inhabitants and de- 

 stroyed it. See Asia Minor ; Cilicia. 



Jane Hading, 

 French actress 



Chaste Suzanne. 



Hadleigh, Essex. . Ruins of 13th century castle, looking east 



By courtesy of The Salvation Army 



Hadleigh. Parish and village of 

 Essex, England. It is 5 m. W.N.W. 

 of Southend-on-Sea. Fragmentary 

 ruins remain of Hadleigh Castle, 

 built by Hubert de Burgh, earl of 

 Kent, in the 13th century, given by 

 Henry VIII to Anne of Cleves, and 

 abandoned in the 16th century. The 

 church of S. James is Norman, with 

 a wooden tower. The Salvation 

 Army founded a farm colony at 

 Hadleigh in 1891. Pop. 1,707. 



Hadleigh. Urban district and 

 market town of Suffolk, England. 

 Situated on the Brett, 9 m. W. of 

 Ipswich, with a station, a branch 

 terminus of the G.E.R., it was once 

 the centre of the woollen trade. 

 Here Guthrum the Dane is said to 

 have been buried. Malting and 

 corn-milling are local industries. 

 Market day, Mon. Pop. 3,200. 



Hadley, ARTHUR TWINING (b. 

 1856). American scholar. Born at 

 New Haven, Connecticut, April 23, 

 1856, he was educated at Yale, 

 where his father was professor, and 

 at Berlin. In 1879 he himself be- 

 came a tutor at Yale, in 1883 was 

 made lecturer on railroad adminis- 

 tration, and in 1891 professor of 

 political economy. In 1899 he 

 was chosen president of Yale. In 

 1914 he was special lecturer at 

 Oxford. His publications include 

 Standards of Public Morality, 1907, 

 and Undercurrents in American 

 Politics, 1915. 



Hadley Wood. District of 

 Barnct, Middlesex, England. Situ- 

 ated on the Hertfordshire border, 



