HAGGIS 



Haggis. Ancient Scottish dish, 

 supposed to have been adapted 

 from the French. The stomach 

 of a sheep having been thoroughly 

 washed and allowed to soak for 

 several hours in cold salt water, 

 scalded in boiling water, and then 

 scraped with a knife, is used as a 

 bag into which the ingredients are 

 placed. The chief ingredients are 

 the heart, liver and lungs (pluck) 

 of a sheep. Having been drained, 

 boiled and trimmed, half of the 

 liver is grated and the rest of the 

 ingredients are finely minced. 



For a meal intended for eight 

 persons there are added 1 Ib. of 

 finely shredded suet, two chopped 

 onions, half a pint of oatmeal or 

 Ib. of toasted and crumbled oat- 

 cakes, two teaspoonfuls of salt and 

 one of pepper, half a nutmeg 

 (grated), a grain of cayenne, half 

 a pint of good gravy, and the juice 

 of a small lemon. The ingredients 

 are put into the prepared bag 

 care being taken that no thin parts 

 of the bag are left, and that allow- 

 ance is made for swelling care- 

 fully sewed up, plunged into boil- 

 ing water and boiled gently for 

 three hours, being pricked with a 

 needle occasionally during the first 

 half-hour, and then served hot 

 without sauce or gravy. Burns, 

 in his poem, To a Haggis, describes 

 the dish as " great chieftain o' the 

 puddin' race." Cookery books give 

 directions for variant forms, e.g. 

 English haggis, lamb's haggis, 

 mutton haggis, and Kew mince or 

 royal haggis. 



Hagi. Town of Japan, on the 

 island of Honshu. Situated near 

 the S.W. extremity of the island, 

 50 m. W. of Hiroshima, it is notable 

 as the seat of the daimos of Chosu, 

 who were largely instrumental in 

 crushing feudalism. Pop. 25,000. 



Hagiography (Gr. hagios, holy; 

 graphein, to write). General term 

 for sacred writings, or for bio- 

 graphies of saints. Of related words 

 hagiographa, of frequent use in 

 the early Church, was applied by 

 the Jews to the Psalms, Proverbs, 

 Job, Ezra, Esther, Chronicles, 

 Solomon's Song, Ruth, Eccle- 

 siastes, Nehemiah, Lamentations, 

 and Daniel, books not read publicly 

 in the synagogues. Hagiocracy 

 means a priestly hierarchy, hagio- 

 latry the worship or invocation of 

 saints. See Saint. 



Hagiology (Gr. hagia, holy 

 things ; logos, account). Term ap- 

 plied to literature dealing with 

 the saints of the Christian Church. 

 It includes all the martyrologies 

 and biographies- of saints and 

 martyrs. The Roman martyrology 

 contains about 3,000 names. The 

 Eastern lists are also very lengthy, 

 and to these must be added the long 



list of local saints whose memory 

 is only preserved in their own 

 country. Cornwall and Brittany, for 

 example, commemorate early saints 

 of whom hardly anything is known. 

 The earliest attempt at a hagio- 

 logy is that of Eusebius, The As- 

 sembly of the Ancient Martyrs. In 

 the Greek Church, the hagiologies 

 or menologies date from the 9th 

 century. The first attempt at 

 a criticism and revision of the 

 hagiologies of the Western Church 

 was made by the Flemish Father 

 Rosveyde (d. 1629). His researches 

 led to the compilation of the Acta 

 Sanctorum and the establishment 

 of the Bollandists (q.v.). See Mar- 

 tyrology ; Saint. 



Hagion Oros, GULF OF. Opening 

 of the Aegean Sea. It lies between 

 the peninsula of the same name 

 and that of Longos, the eastern- 

 most and central prongs of the 

 Chalcidic peninsula in Macedonia. 

 It is also called the gulf of Monte 

 Santo, and is about 20 m. in length, 

 and 15 m. in breadth at its widest. 

 The peninsula of Hagion Oros is 

 also named the Athos peninsula, 

 because Mt. Athos stands on it. 



Hagonoy. Town of Luzon, 

 Philippine Islands, in the prov. of 

 Bulacan. It stands on Manila Bay, 

 10 m. W. of Bulacan, and has 

 alcohol, textile and fishing in- 

 dustries. Pop. 22,000. 



Hague, THE (Dutch, 'S Graven 

 Hage or Den Haag). Capital of the 

 kingdom of the Netherlands. The 

 v..i... : .. ;; ......................:.....:,j Hague capital 



also of the prov. 

 of S.Holland, lies 

 in flat country, in 

 parts sandy, but 

 pleasant and 

 well-tilled, about 

 14 m. N.W. of 

 Rotterdam and 

 The Hague arms 2 m. from the 

 North Sea at Scheveningen. The 

 city is attractively laid out, with 

 broad streets and pleasant squares, 

 in orderly but not monotonous 

 arrangement. There are two large 

 rly. stations and good tramway ser- 

 vices. As the capital, The Hague 

 is the residence of the royal family, 

 and the seat of the legislative and 

 central judicial bodies of the 

 country. Its chief industries are 

 printing works, distilleries, furni- 

 ture and earthenware works. 



The central point of the city is 

 the Plein, near which stand the 

 buildings of the supreme court, the 

 ministries of war, justice, and the 

 colonies, and the Mauritshuis, 

 erected between 1633-44 and re- 

 built 1704-18, in which is housed 

 the famous collection of pictures 

 made by the successive princes of 

 Orange. Close by is the Binnenhof, 

 a group of buildings round a 



square, where are the Hall of the 

 Knights, used by the chambers in 

 joint session, and the halls in which 

 the first and second chambers sit. 

 The Gevangenpoort, overlooking 

 the ornamental water known as 

 the Vyver, is a large medieval 

 tower formerly used for prisoners. 



The town hall, originally built 

 about 1565 and restored in the 

 middle of the 17th century, is a 

 highly characteristic Dutch build- 

 ing of its period. The most notable 

 churches are the Nieuwe Kerke, 

 dating from the middle of the 17th 

 century, where lie the remains of 

 the De Witts (q.v.) and formerly 

 lay those of the philosopher Spin- 

 oza ; and the Groote Kerk, a 15th 

 century Gothic building, with a 

 lofty tower and ironwork spire and 

 a finely carved 16th century pulpit. 



The royal palace, an 18th cen- 

 tury edifice enlarged during 1816- 

 17, stands on the Noordeinde 

 and has extensive private gardens 

 behind. To the N. of this lies the 

 pleasant open space of the Willems 

 Park, the heart of the fashionable 

 quarter of the city, with the large 

 national monument, erected in 

 1869 to commemorate the achieve- 

 ment of national independence in 

 1813. Other places of interest are 

 the Steengracht Gallery, the muni- 

 cipal museum, the royal library, 

 the Mesdag Museum, and the 

 museum of industrial art. 



To the N.E. of the town lie the 

 zoological gardens and the beauti- 

 ful Haagsche Bosch ; the latter, a 

 large wooded park in parts quite 

 wild, contains the royal villa known 

 as the Huis ten Bosch, built about 

 1645, in which the first international 

 peace conference met in 1899. The 

 Palace of Peace, built largely at 

 the expense of Andrew Carnegie 

 on the designs of the French archi- 

 tect, L. M. Cordonnier, to house 

 the international peace conferences 

 and the court of arbitration, was 

 opened in Aug., 1913. 



In history The Hague has en- 

 joyed the advantages of its isolated 

 position in the Low Countries, and 

 has enjoyed comparative tran- 

 quillity. Its origins are traced to a 

 hunting seat of the counts of Hol- 

 land, c. 1250, which gradually be- 

 came their regular residence to- 

 wards 1280. From the last decade 

 of the 16th century The Hague 

 w-as the political centre of the 

 states general of Holland, which 

 gave it increased importance ; the 

 murder of the De Witts in 1672 

 was a terrible episode in its peace- 

 ful history. 



In 1795 the French revolutionary 

 armies captured the city, and the 

 Batavian republic was set up. It 

 remained, in French possession 

 until Nov., 1813. Even as late as 



