3783 



HAKE 



Haiti. Group of officers and soldiers in the service of the Negro republic 



the chief being La Gonave, facing 

 the capital, Tortuga, off the N.W., 

 and La Vache, off the S.W. coast. 

 The largest rivers are the Arti- 

 bonite, navigable for nearly 100 m., 

 the Grand Anse, and the Trois 

 Rivieres. The most extensive in- 

 land sheet of water is the Etang 

 Saumatre in the S.E., 60 m. in 

 length from N.W. to S.E., and 

 22 m. wide. 



. The chief ports, besides the 

 capital, are Port de la Paix, 

 Gona'ives, Jacmel, St. Marc, Cap 

 Haitien, Jeremie, Aux Cayes, and 

 Miragoane. Torrid heat prevails 

 on the lowlands, but the climate 

 is more equable in the higher 

 regions. The flora is profuse, but 

 the fauna is limited, the largest 

 mammal being the agouti (q.v. ). The 

 mineral resources are considerable, 

 but unworked, although several 

 concessions have been granted. 

 Among the minerals known to exist 

 are gold, silver, copper, tin, nickel, 

 iron, gypsum, kaolin, limestone, and 

 porphyry. Agriculture is the chief 

 industry. The chief crops are 

 coffee, cocoa, and tobacco, and the 

 cultivation of sugar is progressing. 



The constitution of the present 

 republic dates from June 12, 1918. 

 At its head is a president, elected 

 for a period of four years, assisted 

 by five secretaries of state. Legis- 

 lative power lies with a Chamber of 

 Deputies and a Senate of 15 mem- 

 bers. By a treaty of Nov., 1915, 

 the U.S.A. established a protector- 

 ate over Haiti. Education is free 

 and compulsory, but it is backward 

 in the country districts. The re- 

 ligion is Roman Catholicism. 



An armed constabulary is main- 

 tained with officers mainly re- 

 cruited from the U.S. Marine 

 Corps. Railways are in the 

 constructive stage, only 64 m. of 



light railway being in use. A line is 

 being laid down to connect the 

 capital with Cap Haitien. Steamers 

 ply to New York. French weights 

 and measures are used. The es- 

 timated pop. is 2J millions, mostly 

 negroes, but with a large number of 

 mulattoes and about 500 of Euro- 

 pean descent. French is the official 

 language, but the lower classes 

 speak a patois known as Creole 

 French. 



In July, 1915, the United States 

 landed a naval force and formally 

 undertook to restore law and 

 order, and in 1915-16 a virtual 

 protectorate by U.S.A. over Haiti 

 was established and ratified. The 

 new gendarmerie has established 

 order, armed bands range the 

 hills and burn peaceful villages 

 no longer ; yellow fever and small- 

 pox have disappeared, malaria is 

 less rampant in consequence of 

 advances in education and sani- 

 tation ; roads have been built 

 throughout the country ; hos- 

 pitals have been erected and 

 staffs trained ; prisons have been 

 cleansed. Reports of unnecessary 

 violence by the marines in putting 

 down banditry were current in 

 1920-21 and are to be investigated 

 by America. 



Hai-Yang-Tao, BATTLE OF. 

 Naval engagement in the Chino- 

 Japanese War, Sept. 17, 1894. The 

 Chinese admiral, Ting, fell in with 

 the Japanese fleet under Ito off the 

 Yalu river. Although stronger in 

 point of armament, Ting was un- 

 able to cope with the mobility of 

 the Japanese fast cruisers, and was 

 utterly defeated, being forced to 

 take refuge under the guns of Port 

 Arthur (q.v.). 



Hajdu-Boszormeny. Town of 

 Hungary, in the co. of Hajdu. It 

 stands in the midst of an agricul- 



tural region, 11 m. N.W. of De- 

 breczin, producing cattle and 

 cereals. Pop. 16,100. 



Hajdu-Szoboszlo. Town of 

 Hungary, in the co. of Hajdu. It 

 stands in a pastoral region, 12 m. 

 S.W. of Debreczin, and the inhabi- 

 tants are engaged in cattle-rearing 

 and agricultural pursuits. Pop. 

 J 0,000. 



Hajipur. Subdivision and town 

 of Bihar and Orissa, India, in Muz- 

 affarpur district. Area of the sub- 

 division, 798 sq. m. It is a fertile 

 tract and is extensively cultivated. 

 Hajipur town is on the Gandak, 

 close to its junction with theGanges 

 at Patna, and is on the main 

 line of the Bengal and N.W. Rly. 

 The town contains an ancient 

 mosque and Hindu temples. Its 

 commercial importance is con- 

 siderable. Pop. 21,000. . 



Hake (Merluccius vulgaris). 

 Large fish of the cod family. It is 

 fairly common around the British 

 coasts, and especially off Cornwall, 

 where it preys upon the pilchards. 

 It is rarely over 3 ft. in length, and 

 is dark grey on the back and lighter 



Hake, one oi the cod family, caugat 

 off the British coasts 



below. The head is somewhat flat- 

 tened, and there is an absence of 

 the barbels seen in some species of 

 the group. It is an important 

 food fish, as its flesh is white and 

 of good flavour. 



Hake, THOMAS GORDON (1809- 

 95). British physician and poet. He 

 was born at Leeds, March 10, 1809, 

 and educated 

 at Christ's 

 Hospital and 

 Glasgow Uni- 

 versity. His 

 first poem, The 

 Piromides, was 

 published i n 

 1839, but most 

 of his poetical 

 work was done 

 after the age of 

 50, when he had retired from medi- 

 cal practice. Among his poems 

 are Madeline, 1871 ; Parables 

 and Tales, 1872 ; New Symbols, 

 1876; Maiden Ecstasy, 1883. His 

 poems won the enthusiastic praise 

 of his friends the Rossettis, but 

 though original in conception, they 

 are very unequal and often 

 obscure. Hake wrote an autobio- 

 graphy, Memoirs of Eighty Years. 

 He died Jan. 11, 1895. 



T. Gordon Hake, 

 British poet 



