HAKIM 



3784 



HAL 



Hakim. Title given among 

 various Mahomedan peoples to 

 persons holding judiciary offices, 

 e.g. the chief administrators of cer- 

 tain districts in Persia. The mean- 

 ing of the word is " one who com- 

 mands." Pron. hah-kim. 



Haking, SIR RICHARD CYRIL 

 BYRNE (b. 1862). British soldier. 

 Born Jan. 24, 1862, he entered the 

 army in 1881, 

 joining the 

 Hampshire 

 Regiment. His 

 first active ser- 

 vice was in 

 Burma, in 1885 

 -87, and he was 

 in S. Africa in 

 1899-1900. By 



then he was a 

 Sir Richard Haking, , , 



British soldier ma J or on , the 



staff, and re- 

 turned home to become professor 

 of the Staff College, 1901-6. Five 

 years on the general staff followed, 

 and in 1911 he was given command 

 of the 5th Infantry Brigade, which 

 he took out to France in 1914. 

 In Dec., 1914, he was promoted to 

 a division, and in Sept., 1915, was 

 put at the head of the llth corps, 

 which he led to the end of the war. 

 In 1920 he commanded the Allied 

 troops of occupation in the plebiscite 

 areas of E. Prussia, and in 1921 be- 

 came high commissioner for Dan- 

 zig, and in 1923 commander of the 

 British troops in Egypt. In 1916 

 he was knighted. 



Hakka (Chinese, strangers). 

 People of mixed Chinese and ab- 

 original stock, mostly in S. China. 

 Issuing from Shantung before 250 

 B.C., they now number several mil- 

 lions in Kwangtung, Kwangsi, and 

 Fulden, with 500,000 in Formosa, 

 and virile colonies inTong-king, the 

 Netherlands East Indies, and the 

 Straits Settlements, besides many 

 emigrants to Australia, S. Africa, 

 and California. In Hong-Kong they 

 work as barbers and stonecutters. 

 They are thrifty husbandmen and 

 labourers, forming separate com- 

 munities, with distinctive dialects. 

 Hakluyt, RICHARD (c. 1552- 

 1616). English geographer. Of re- 

 mote Dutch extraction, he was 

 born in Herefordshire and educated 

 at Christ Church, Oxford. Having 

 taken orders he became chaplain to 

 the embassy at Paris, 1583, where 

 he collected all available material 

 about French and Spanish voyages 

 to all parts of the world. In 1588 

 he returned to England, and the 

 following year published The 

 Principall Navigations, Voiages, 

 and Discoveries of the English 

 Nation, enlarged ed. in 3 vols., 

 1598-1600. In 1590 Hakluyt 

 became rector of Wetheringsett, 

 Suffolk, and in 1604 archdeacon of 



Westminster. He used his influence 

 to encourage the colonisation of 

 Virginia. In addition to his pub- 

 lished works, he left behind a large 

 number of MSS., many of which 

 were printed by the Hakluyt So- 

 ciety. He died' Nov. 23, 1616, and 

 is buried in Westminster Abbey. 



His cousin Richard, of whose life 

 little is known, was one of the 

 men who was chiefly responsible 

 for sending Frobisher on his 

 voyages. He was a leading adviser 

 in all the American enterprises of 

 his time, and he corresponded with 

 practically all the ocean navigators 

 of his day. His correspondence 

 was preserved by his cousin. 

 Pron. Hakloot. 



Hakluyt Society. British so- 

 ciety for printing hitherto unpub- 

 lished works of early travel. Named 

 after Richard Hakluyt, it was 

 founded in 1846 to print " the most 

 rare and valuable voyages, travels, 

 and geographical records ... to the 

 circumnavigation of Dam pier." By 

 1913 over 160 volumes had been 

 published, including Raleigh's 



Hakodate, Japan. The town and 

 treaty port 



Guiana, 1848, Hakluyt's Divers 

 Voyages, 1850, The Journal of 

 Christopher Columbus, 1893, and 

 Early Dutch and English Voyages 

 to Spitzbergen in the Seventeenth 

 Century, 1904. The offices are at 

 1, Kensington Gore, London, S.W. 

 Hakodate OR HAKODADI. Treaty 

 port of Japan, at the S. extremity 



of the island of 

 stands on a penin- 

 sula in the strait 

 of Tsuguru, 18 m. 

 N. of Omasaki on 

 the neighbouring 

 island of Honshu, 

 and was opened 

 to foreign com- 

 merce in 1859. 

 Clean and well 

 laid out, it is pic- 

 turesquely situ- 

 ated at the foot of 

 a rocky height, 

 1,150ft. The chief 

 buildings are the 

 town hall, naval 



Hokkaido 



school, and the Japanese Club. An 

 American mission has its headquar- 

 ters here. The deep and commo- 

 dious harbour is fortified and al- 

 most land-locked, fully equipped 

 with docks and quays. Matches 

 are manufactured, and the exports 

 include beans, peas, pulse, sulphur, 

 charcoal, furs, lumber, and the 

 produce of the extensive fisheries. 



There is steamer connexion with 

 other Japanese ports, and from 

 Aomori, on Honshu, to which a 

 steamer plies daily, a rly. proceeds 

 to Yokohama. Tramways, water- 

 works, etc., were established when 

 the town was rebuilt after the disas- 

 trous fire of 1907. During the civil 

 war of 1868 it fell into the hands of 

 the rebels, but was recaptured by 

 the emperor in the following year. 

 Pop. 99,800. 



Hakone. Watering-place and 



small lake of Japan, on the island 



of Honshu. Its thermal aprings, 



pure, sulphurous, and saline, range 



between 98 and 168 F. The lake, 



which lies to the N.W. of the resort 



at an alt. of 2,427 ft., is about 3 m. 



. in length by 1 m. 



broad. 



Hal. Town of 



^ ^ ^ ^^^^^ Belgium. It stands 



I on the Senne, 9 m. 



1 from Brussels, in 



2 the province of 

 Brabant. The chief 

 building is the 

 Gothic church of 

 Notre Dame, built 

 in the 14th cen- 

 tury, and a popu- 

 lar shrine for pil- 

 grims. It is famous 

 for its miracle- 

 working image of 

 the Virgin, its ala- 

 baster altar, the work of Jan Mone, 

 its bronze font, its monuments and 

 other treasures, the gifts of kings 

 and princes. There is an hotel de 

 ville of the 17th century, and the 

 place has several manufactures, in- 

 cluding sugar and paper. The canal 

 to Charleroi passes by here. During 

 1914-18 Hal was in the occupation 

 of the Germans. Pop. 13,000. 



harbour of the 



Hal, Belgium. E5tel de Ville, and statue of A. F. Servais, 

 the violoncellist 



