HALEB 



3787 



HALF BLOOD 



In 1660 Charles II made him chief 

 baron of the exchequer and in 

 1671 chief justice of the common 

 pleas. He died Dec. 25, 1676. A 

 man of great learning, remarkable 

 especially for his industry, Hale 

 wrote books on law, religion, and 

 mathematics. See Lives of the 

 Judges, E. Foss, 1848-70. 



Haleb OR HALEBESH SHABBA. 

 Arabic name for the Syrian vilayet 

 better known as Aleppo (q.v.). 



Hales, STEPHEN (1677-1761). 

 British botanist. Born at Bekes- 

 bourne, Kent, Sept. 7, 1677, he 

 was educated at Cambridge. Hav- 

 ing been ordained, he became per- 

 petual curate of Teddington in 

 1709, where he passed his life, 

 although he held livings in other 

 parts of the country. He intro- 

 duced the methods of weighing 

 and measuring into his experi- 

 ments on living plants, and so 

 laid the solid foundations upon 

 which modern science in this de- 

 partment has been built up. His 

 books, Vegetable Staticks, 1727, 

 and Haemostaticks, 1733, consist 

 of the memoirs in which he com- 

 municated his discoveries to the 

 Royal Society. He was one of 

 the founders of the Society of 

 Arts. He died at Teddington, 

 Jan. 4, 1761. 



Hales Grenade. Explosive 

 grenade made for use both from the 

 rifle or hand, and detonated by a 

 percussion fuse. 



The hand grenade consists of a 

 sheet brass cylinder, round the 

 upper part of which is a segmented 

 cast-iron ring to provide missiles. 

 A central tube extends through 

 the body, and in this is the striker 

 pellet, which is held away from the 

 detonator by the creep spring, and 

 is secured until the grenade is to be 

 thrown by the safety-pin, which 

 passes through the base plug and 

 striker. A detonator holder is car- 

 ried separately until the grenade 

 is about to be used, when it is 

 screwed into position. It is pro- 

 vided at its lower extremity with 

 a percussion cap, and contains the 

 detonator, which has a perforated 

 base to admit the flash from the cap 

 to the composition. 



In the earlier issues of grenades 

 the explosive was tonite, but later 

 ammonal or amatol was used. The 

 grenade is fitted with a wooden 

 handle about 15 ins. long, and to 

 this is attached a tail of streamers 

 to ensure the grenade striking its 

 objective nose first. The complete 

 grenade weighs about 1 lb., and can 

 be thrown 60 to 70 yds. 



The rifle grenade is of similar 

 general construction, but is pro- 

 vided with a heavy segmented 

 cast-iron body. The cap and de- 

 tonator are arranged in a similar 



manner to those of the hand gre- 

 nade, but the striker is made with 

 a reduced diameter in the centre, 

 and is prevented from moving for- 

 ward by two small retaining bolts. 

 In place of the wooden handle the 

 grenade is fitted with a steel rod, 

 10 ins. long, which is of the same 

 calibre as the barrel of the service 

 rifle, a special blank cartridge being 

 used to propel the missile. The 

 range of these rifle grenades is 

 about 300 to 400 yards. See Am- 

 munition ; Explosives ; Hand Gre- 

 ade; Rifle Grenade. 



Hales o wen. Market town and 

 parish of Worcestershire. On the 

 G.W. and Mid. joint rly., it is 6 

 m. from Birmingham, and stands 

 on the Stour and under the Lickey 

 Hills. William Shenstone, who 

 lived at the Leasowes here, is 

 buried in the churchyard of the 

 church of SS. Mary and John the 

 Baptist. There is an old grammar 

 school and a few remains of an 

 abbey. The chief industries are 

 the making of iron and steel goods. 

 Cradley Heath, a centre of the 

 nail and chain manufacture, is 

 in the parish. Market day, Sat. 

 Pop. 4,100. 



Halevy, JACQUES FRANCOIS FRO- 

 MENTAL ELIE( 1799-1 862). French 

 composer. Born in Paris of Jewish 

 parentage, 

 May 27, 1799, 

 his real name 

 was Levi. He 

 studied at the 

 C o nservatoire, 

 then under 

 Cherubini, and, 

 after going to 

 Italy with the 

 grand prix, re- 

 turned to 

 himself to the 



Fromental Halevy, 

 French composer 



France to devote 

 composition of operas, of which he 

 wrote a large number, including 

 The Jewess. Professor at the Con- 

 servatoire from 1827, he there 

 trained several great musicians. 

 Halevy was secretary of the 

 Academy of Fine Arts and chevalier 

 of the Legion of Honour. He 

 died March 17, 1862. 



Halevy, LUDOVIC (1834-1908). 

 French dramatist and novelist. 

 He was born in Paris, Jan. 1, 

 1834, and started to write for the 

 stage at an 

 early age. Most 

 of his work in 

 this direction, 

 operettas, 

 vau d e ville 

 pieces, and 

 comedies, was 

 done in colla- 

 boration with 

 HenriMeilhac 

 (1831-97), 

 among the 



most noteworthy being Orphee aux 

 Enfers, 1861; La Belle Helene, 

 1864; Fanny Lear, 1868; Froufrou, 

 1869; and Le Petit Due, 1878. 

 Halevy also published volumes of 

 his collected short stories, notably 

 Monsieur et Madame Cardinal, 

 1873, and several novels, of which 

 the best is L'Abbe Constantin, 1882. 

 He was elected to the French 

 Academy in 1884, and died in 

 Paris, May 8, 1908. 



Haifa. Prov. of the Anglo- 

 Egyptian Sudan, containing the 

 districts of Haifa, Mahas (Delgo), 

 and Sukkot (Kosha). Area, 91,600 

 sq. m. Pop. 38,325. 



Half Blood. Relationship be- 

 tween persons deriving from the 

 same father or mother, but not 

 from the same father and mother. 

 Whole blood, is relationship be- 

 tween persons deriving from the 

 same couple of ancestors. Under 

 the old English feudal law regulat- 

 ing title by descent, the basic prin- 

 ciple of collateral inheritance was 

 that the heir to a feiidum anil- 

 quum must be of the whole blood 

 of the first feudatory or purchaser. 

 Actual proof of such lineal descent 

 gradually becoming impossible, 

 the law substituted reasonable 

 proof, only requiring that the 

 claimant should be next of the 

 whole blood to the person last in 

 possession. A distant kinsman of 

 the whole blood was admitted, 

 or an estate even allowed to escheat 

 to the lord, rather than that the 

 half blood should inherit. 



Obvious hardships inevitably 

 resulted. Thus if a father had two 

 sons by different wives, these half 

 brothers could not inherit from 

 each other, so that if the elder suc- 

 ceeded his father in the estate and 

 died without issue, the younger was 

 deprived of inheritance as being 

 only of half blood to the person 

 last seised. Whereas had the 

 elder brother predeceased the 

 father, the younger could have in- 

 herited, not as heir to his half 

 brother but as heir to their common 

 father who was the person last 

 actually seised. In England this, 

 with other hardships, was abol- 

 ished in 1833, and the rules as to 

 the descent of real estate and the 

 law of inheritance by the half blood 

 as well as by the whole blood are 

 prescribed by an Act of 1859. In 

 the U.S.A. the laws affecting the 

 half blood vary in different states. 

 In some, relatives of the half blood 

 inherit equally with those of the 

 whole blood in the same degree ; 

 in others they only inherit if none 

 of whole blood exist. In Louisiana 

 natural children, if acknowledged, 

 may inherit from both parents if 

 no lawful issue exists. See Family ; 

 Inheritance; Kinship. 



