HALLE 



3796 



HALLELUJAH CHORUS 



Halle, liermany. The market place looking west towards the 16th century 

 Marienkirche and the Roter Turra, 276 ft. high 



its importance to the salt, indus- 

 try, which still survives, though 

 other manufactures, e.g. machinery, 

 sugar, lubricants, etc., flourish. 



Its chief glory is the univer- 

 sity, founded by Frederick I of 

 Prussia in 1694. Suppressed by 

 Napoleon, it was re-established in 

 1815, and combined with that of 

 Wittenberg. In addition to the 

 faculty of theology, Halle Uni- 

 versity offers its students, who 

 before the Great War numbered 

 2,500, training in all the usual 

 branches of knowledge. There are 

 a well-equipped medical school, 

 anatomical institute, observatory, 

 physical laboratories, agricultural 

 institute, etc., and, besides the uni- 

 versity library (250,000 volumes), 

 another in connexion with the 

 academy of natural history. In 

 1698 Francke (q.v.) established the 

 institution bearing his name, and 

 now including an orphan home, 

 schools, and other means of assist- 

 ance for the poor. 



The market place in the old town 

 is distinguished by the Roter Turm, 

 the lofty belfry of a 16th century 

 church that no longer exists. The 

 Rathaus (14th-16th centuries) and 

 the Marienkirche (16th century) are 

 of interest. The most important 

 church archaeologically is that of 

 S. Maurice, near the salt-works, 

 whose employees, the Halloren, 

 retain their old exclusiveness. 

 There was a Spartacist outbreak 

 in Halle in 1919. Pop. 180,843. 



Hall<, SIR CHARLES (1819-95). 



British pianist and conductor. 



Born at Hagen, Westphalia, April 



11, 1819, the son of a musician, he 



received his musical education in 



! Germany and France. He settled 



j in 1 836 in Paris, where he instituted 



Sir Charles Halle 

 British musician 



concerts of chamber music, but 

 in 1848 came to England. In 

 Manchester, 1893, he founded 

 the Royal College of Music, of 

 which he was 

 the first prin- 

 cipal. He was 

 knighted in 

 1888, having 

 become a na- 

 t u r a 1 i s e d 

 British s u b- 

 ject. He died 

 Oct. 25, 1895. 

 Halle was 

 highly gifted 

 as both pianist and conductor, and 

 the performances of his Manchester 

 orchestra reached a high standard. 

 His recitals in London were long a 

 feature of the musical season. 



Halle,WiLMA NORMANN-NERUDA, 

 LADY (1839-1911). British violin- 

 ist. Born at Briinn, March 29, 

 1839, daughter 

 of Joseph 

 I Neruda, organ - 

 i istof the cathe- 

 * dral, she be- 

 came a pupil of 

 Leopold Jansa 

 and made her 

 first appear- 

 ance at Vienna. 

 She rapidly 

 won a position 

 among the 

 greatest violin- 

 ists. In 1864 

 she married 

 Ludwig Nor- 

 mann, a Swed- 

 i s h musician, 

 and in 1888 Sir 

 Charles Halle. 



Lady Halle, She thus *>e- 



British violinist came a British 



subject, and in 1901 was made 

 violinist to Queen A le \and ra. Lady 

 Hal!e died on April 15, 1911. 



Halleck, HENRY WAGER (1815- 

 72). American soldier. Born at 

 Western ville, New York, Jan. 16, 

 1815, he was educated at West 

 Point. He resigned from the army 

 in 1854, but returned shortly after 

 the outbreak of the Civif War, 

 being given the rank of major- 

 general. A man of great adminis- 

 trative ability, he did good work 

 in reorganizing the army. In 1 862 

 he was appointed commandcr-in- 

 chief of the Federal forces, but 

 resigned in 1861 to become chief 

 of the staff. He died at Louisville, 

 Kentucky, Jan. 9, 1872. 



Halleflinta. Rock of exceed- 

 ingly compact texture. It varies 

 in colour from grey to black, 

 sometimes tinged yellow, red or 

 green. It is composed of minute 

 particles of quartz and felspar, 

 and occurs commonly in association 

 with foliated rocks in Norway and 

 Sweden. 



Hallelujah OR ALLELUIA (Heb., 

 Praise the Lord or Praise to the 

 Lord). Ascription of praise in the 

 Psalms and Jewish hymns. In the 

 N.T. it occurs only in Rev. 19. In 

 the R.O. Church, in which formerly 

 it was only used on Easter Sunday, 

 it is now used at Mass, between the 

 Epistle and Gospel, except at cer- 

 tain times (e.g. from Scptuagesima 

 to Holy Saturday, and in ferial 

 Masses during Advent), when it is 

 omitted as a sign of mourning. In 

 the First Prayer Book of Edward 

 VI Hallelujah was sung after 

 Praise ye the Lord, from Easter to 

 Trinity Sunday. The response, 

 The Lord's Name be praised, was 

 substituted in 1662. 



Hallelujah Chorus. Name spe- 

 cially applied to the concluding 

 chorus of Part II of Handel's ora- 

 torio The Messiah. The Messiah 

 was first produced in Dublin, April 

 13, 1742. and in London, March 23, 

 1743. In 1743 the whole audience, 

 with George II, rose to their feet 

 at the beginning of the Hallelujah 

 Chorus and remained standing 

 throughout, establishing a custom 

 which remains to this day. Handel 

 is reported to have said regarding 

 his experience when composing the 

 chorus : "I did think I did see all 

 heaven before me, and the great 

 God Himself." Three felicitous 

 quotations appear in the chorus : 

 (1) The theme of "For the Lord 

 God Omnipotent reigneth " is a 

 plainsong melody of great age ; (2) 

 The theme of " The' Kingdom of 

 this World " is from the chorale, 

 " Sleepers, wake " ; and (3) " For 

 He shall reign for ever and ever " 

 is an adaptation of the last line of 

 the same chorale. See Oratorio. 



