HAMADRYADS 



HAMBURG 



Hamadryads (Gr. hama, to- 

 gether with ; drys, tree). In Greek 

 mythology, nymphs that presided 

 over trees' Their lives were only co- 

 existent with the lives of the trees 

 in which they dwelt. See Nymphs. 



Hamah. Town of Syria, the 

 Hanmth of the Bible, and the an- 

 cient Epiphania. Situated on the 

 Orontes among attractive gardens 

 and groves of palms, 110 m. N.E. 

 of Damascus, and about 30 m. 

 almost due N. of Horns, it has a 

 flourishing weaving industry and a 

 fair amount of general trade, which 

 is helped by its being on the Syrian 

 rly. An early Canaanite strong- 

 hold, it was subdued by Shalman- 

 eser III, Tiglath-pileser III, and 

 Sargon II. It was renamed Epiph- 

 ania after AntiochuslV,moslemised 

 A.D. 639, and captured by Tancred 

 and Saladin. Five basalt stelas, 

 now in Constantinople, bear Hittite 

 inscriptions. Pop. 45,000, one-, 

 fourth Greeks. See Hittites. 



Hainan. Chief minister and 

 favourite of Ahasuerus, king of 

 Persia. Because Mordecai, a Jew, 



Haman condemned by Ahasuerus 



from an engraving after Kembr until 



paid him no reverence, he resolved 

 to destroy Mordecai and all Jews 

 in the kingdom. Without men- 

 tioning Mordecai or the Jews he 

 obtained from the king a decree 

 requisite for his purpose. The plot, 

 however, was exposed by Esther, 

 cousin and adopted daughter of 

 Mordecai, with the result that 

 Haman was hanged on the gibbet 

 he had prepared for Mordecai. 



At the feast of Purim it became 

 a custom among the Jews to hang 

 Haman in effigy ; and to-day when 

 the Book ot Esther is read in the 

 synagogues the name of Ahasuerus' 

 one-time favourite is received with 

 contumely. The gallows is said to 

 have been 50 cubits high, hence 

 the phrase to hang as high as 

 Haman. See Esther ; Mordeoai. 



i, JOHANN GEORG (1730- 

 88). German writer. Born at 

 Konigsberg, Aug. 27, 1730, in 1759 

 he made his home at Konigsberg 

 and the rest of his life was passed 

 in study and writing, while earning 

 a living as a clerk. His books were 

 never very popular, but his in- 

 fluence was considerable, and he 

 was called the magician of the 

 north. He was very friendly with 

 Goethe, Herder, and other thinkers. 

 His writings, which deal with 

 philosophy and the philology and 

 literature of the East, were published 

 in 7 vols., 1821-43 ; they reveal 

 him as a man of deep religious 

 feeling. He died June 21, 1788. 



Hamasa. Word meaning brave 

 and given to an anthology of 

 Arabic poetry. This was collected 

 by Abu Tamman in the 9th cen- 

 tury and is divided into ten books. 

 The first book deals with the heroes 

 of the past, hence its name, and 

 remaining ones with love, travel, 

 and the like. Some of the poems 

 have been translated into English 

 by Sir A. C. Lyall in Ancient 

 Arabic Poetry, 1885. 



Hambach. Village of Bavaria. 

 It stands in the Hardt, 15 m. from 

 Spires, in the centre of a vine- 

 growing region. It is chiefly noted 

 for its castle, where, May 27, 1832, 

 the revolutionary movement in 

 Bavaria was inaugurated by a 

 meeting attended by 30,000 per- 

 sons. This is also called the Max- 

 burg and stands on a hill over 

 1,000 ft. high. Built by the em- 

 peror Henry II, the early building 

 was destroyed by the French in 

 1688. Maximilian II, king of 

 Bavaria, replaced it in the 19th 

 century by a modern residence. 



Hambleden, WILLIAM FRED- 

 ERICK DANVERS SMITH, VISCOUNT 

 (b. 1868). British business man. 

 The eldest son of W. H. Smith (q.v.), 

 he was born Aug. 12, 1868, and edu- 

 cated at Eton and New College, 

 Oxford, where he distinguished 

 himself as an oarsman. After his 

 father's death in 1891 his mother 

 wascreatedViscountessHambleden, 

 and on her death in 1913 their son 

 succeeded to the title. He was 

 already head of the firm of W. H. 

 Smith & Son, and in 1891 had suc- 

 ceeded his 

 father also as 

 Unionist M.P. 

 for the Strand 

 division, re- 

 taining his seat 

 until 1910. An 

 officer of the 

 Devon Yeo- 

 m a n r y, he 

 served during 

 the Great War 

 in Gallipoli 

 and Ecrypt. 



Mark Hambourg, 

 British pianist 



1st Viscount 



Hambleden, 



British business man 



Hambledon. Village of Hamp- 

 shire, famous for its cricket club. 

 It is 6 m. N.E. of Fareham. 

 Formed about 1750, this club was 

 the first of its kind in England. 

 The games are played on two 

 downs, Windmill and Broad Half- 

 penny. The club was at the height 

 of its fame about 1800, when 

 David Harris and William Beld- 

 ham played for it, and the Hamble- 

 don men were strong enough to 

 encounter an all-England eleven. 

 The village gives its name to the 

 Hambledon Hunt. There is another 

 Hambledon in Surrey, 3 m. from 

 Godalming. 



Hambourg, MARK (b. 1879). 

 British pianist. Born at Bogutchar, 

 S. Russia, May 30, 1879, he studied 

 in Vienna. He 

 made his first 

 public appear- 

 ance in Moscow 

 in 1888, and 

 afterwards 

 toured the 

 world. H a m- 

 bourg became 

 a naturalised 

 British subject 

 and married 

 a daughter of Lord Muir-Mackenzie. 

 Hamburg. City and seaport of 

 Germany. It is also the name 

 of a free state. It stands on 

 the Elbe, 75 m. from Cuxhaven 

 and 1 78 from 

 Berlin, and is 

 served by the 

 Prussian state 

 rly. system, hav- 

 ing a central and 

 other stations. 

 Contiguous with 

 Hamburg arms it are the towns of 

 Altona and Ottensen, which, how- 

 ever, are part of Prussia. Suburbs 

 proper include S. Georg and S. 

 Paul), which were separate munici- 

 palities until after 1870. 



Hamburg has an old town and 

 a new town, formerly divided by 

 the river Alster which has "been 

 closed to form two lakes, and 

 these, the Inner Alster and the 

 Outer Alster, are features of the 

 city. They are divided by the 

 Lombards Bridge and by remains 

 of the old fortifications. The Inner 

 Alster is used largely for pleasure, 

 steamers plying regularly up and 

 down. The city has another river, 

 the Bille. Through its older part 

 flow streams which are used to 

 carry goods to the docks, and on 

 this account Hamburg has been 

 likened to Venice. Around the 

 Inner Alster is modern Hamburg, 

 its fine broad streets lined with 

 hotels, banks, shops, and the like. 

 Of the thoroughfares may be men- 

 tioned the Alsterdamm, the Jung- 

 fernstieg, and the Neuer Wall. 



