HAMBURGER 



3805 



Hamburger Nachrichten 



(Hamburg News). German daily 

 newspaper founded in 1792. It 

 was Bismarck's confidential organ 

 after his retirement from the chan- 

 cellorship in 1890, am' became 

 violently Anglophobe. 



Hamel. Village of France, in the 

 dept. of Somme. It is 3 m. E.S.E. 

 of Corbie (q.v ) It was captured by 

 the Germans in their spring offen- 

 sive of 1918, and retaken by the 

 Americans on July 4, 1918. 



Hamel, CAPTURE OF. American 

 exploit in July, 1918, during the 

 Great War Part of the American 

 army marked Independence Day, 

 July 4, 191 8 ; by attacking Hamel 

 and Vaire Wood, in combination 

 with some Australian forces. The 

 American troops, which lay N. of 

 Villers-Bretonneux and S. of the 

 Somme, were the 33rd Illinois 

 National Guard Division, most of 

 them drawn from Chicago. Four 

 companies participated in the 

 action, which was their first. After 

 an intensive artillery bombardment, 

 the Americans with the Australians 

 advanced under cover of many 

 tanks on a front of 4 m., the U.S.A. 

 soldiers being engaged principally 

 in the assault on Hamel. Ground 

 to a depth of 1| m. was captured, 

 and Hamel and Vaire Wood were 

 taken, with 1,500 prisoners, 20 

 trench mortars, and 100 machine 

 guns. One American serjeant, 

 single-handed, captured and 

 brought in seven Germans. 



Hamel, GUSTAV (1889-1914). 

 British aviator. Educated at 

 Westminster, he took up aviation 

 in its early 

 days, and in 

 1911 won the \ 

 Brook lands- ; ^pSi^L 

 Brighton air I^^^B^ 



race and, the 

 following year, 

 the Aerial 

 Derby around 

 London. In 



Gustav Hamel, 

 the Daily Mail Briti?h aviator 



prize in the 



Greater London race, covering 94 

 m. in 75 mins. 49 sees. In May, 

 1914, he was returning on a new 

 Morane-Sau'nier monoplane from 

 Paris to London when he was lost, 

 no trace of himself or his machine 

 ever being found. 



Hameln. Town of Germany, in 

 the Prussian prov. of Hanover. It 

 is situated on the Weser, above the 

 junction of the Hamel, which flows 

 through the town, with the main 

 stream, 25 m. S.W. of Hanover. Its 

 fame is largely connected with 

 the legend of the Rattenfanger or 

 Ratcatcher, known to English 

 readers through Browning's poem 

 The Pied Piper of Hamelin. Ac- 



Hameln, Germany. The Ratcatcher's 



House, built in 1602, the reputed 



home of the legendary ratcatcher 



cording to one theory the story had 

 its origin in an outbreak of dancing 

 mania among the children of Ham- 

 eln in 1284. The principal church 

 is the 14th century minster, dedi- 

 cated to S. Boniface, restored 

 1870-75. The industries include 

 sugar-refining, spinning, and mill- 

 ing, a large river trade is carried 

 on, and there are important salmon 

 fisheries. 



Hameln grew up round the old 

 abbey of S. Boniface, and in 1259 

 belonged to the bishopric of Min- 

 den, passing in 1277 to Brunswick, 

 after which it became a member of 

 the Hanseatic League. It fell to the 

 Swedes in 1633, and on two subse- 

 quent occasions, 1757 and 1806, 

 to the French, finally becoming a 

 Prussian town in 1866. Pop. 22,061. 



Hamerling, ROBERT (1830-89). 

 Austrian poet. He was born at 

 Kirch berg, Lower Austria, Mar. 24, 

 1830. Asa 

 student at 

 V 7 i e n n a he 

 shared in the 

 troubles of 

 1848-49, but 

 escaped arrest, 

 and in 1855 

 was appointed 

 lecturer at 

 Trieste. Owing 

 to ill- health he 

 retired on a 

 pension in 1866 and lived an in- 

 valid's life at Grata, where he died 

 July 13, 1889. 



The most notable of his volumes 

 were Sinrien und Minnen (Medita- 

 tions and Love), 1860; Das 

 Schwanenlied der Romantik (The 

 Swansong of Romanticism), 1862 ; 

 Ahasver in Rom (Ahasuerus in 

 Rome), 1866 ; Der Konig von Sion 



Robert Hamerling, 

 Austrian poet 



(The King of Sion), 1869 ; Amor 

 und Psyche, 1882 ; Blatter im 

 Winde (Leaves in the Wind), 1887 ; 

 and Homunculus. 188S. 



Hamerton, PHILIP GILBERT 

 (1834-94). British critic and 

 etcher. Born at Laneside, Shaw, 

 near Oldham, Sept 10, 1834. his 

 mother died a 

 few days later, 

 and at" ten he 

 was an orphan. 

 His guardians 

 designed him 

 for holy or- 

 ders, but he 

 chose painting 

 as a career. 

 With the Phihp Gilbert Earner- 

 keenest s y m- ton British <*"* 

 pathy for the Eiiioti&Frv 



fine arts, he showed no remarkable 

 talent for painting. But in search 

 of landscapes he visited Scotland, 

 and in The Isles of Loch Awe, 1855, 

 he made his first appearance as a 

 poet. In 1857 he was back en- 

 camped at Loch Awe; but the 

 frank and fascinating story of that 

 experience and later encampments, 

 in the company of his young 

 French wife, as related in A Pain- 

 ter's Camp in the Highlands, 1862, 

 caught the fancy of the public. 



As art critic of The Saturday Re- 

 view, and editor of The Portfolio, 

 he became an accepted authority on 

 art, and like Ruskin he gave much 

 attention to social philosophy, 

 The Intellectual Life, 1873, being 

 one of the classics of the Victorian 

 era. Etching and Etchers, 1868, 

 and The Graphic Arts, 1885, are 

 two of his many works that stand 

 out beyond the mass of art criti- 

 cism of his time. Married to a 

 Frenchwoman, Eugenie Gindriez, 

 he lived many years in France, and 

 wrote with authority on that coun- 

 try and its people. He died at 

 Boulogne-sur-Seine, Nov. 6, 1894. 

 See Philip Gilbert Hamerton : an 

 Autobiography and a Memoir by 

 his Wife, 1897. 



Ham Hill. Elevation in Somer- 

 setshire, 4 m. W. of Yeovil, alter- 

 natively called Hamdon. Covering 

 an area of about 210 acres on the 

 summit is an ancient British earth- 

 work 3 m. in circumference, in a 

 good state of preservation and 

 yielding interesting traces of British 

 and of Roman occupation. Valu- 

 able building stone is quarried 

 on the hill. 



Hami. Town in the N.E. of 

 Sinkiang (Chinese Turkistan), on 

 the road from Peking to Kashgar. 

 Established on an oasis in the 

 desert, Hami was captured from 

 the Tartars in 1477. It is an im- 

 portant trading centre, and forms a 

 meeting around of the Buddhist 

 and Moslem worlds. Pop. 5,000. 



