HAMILTON 



3807 



HAMILTON 



Toronto. It is served by the three 

 transcontinental lines, C.P.R., 

 C.N.R., and G.T.R., and has a ser- 

 vice of electric trains to towns in 

 the neighbourhood. From here 

 steamers go to Toronto and other 

 ports on the St. Lawrence and the 

 great lakes. Behind are hills and 

 in front is a narrow strip of land 

 called Burlington Beach, which 

 separates it from Burlington Bay. 

 A canal has been cut through the 

 beach, a popular resort in summer. 



The city has Anglican and Roman 

 Catholic cathedrals, and a large 

 number of churches. There are 

 many colleges and schools, hos- 

 pitals, public libraries, and theatres; 

 also parks and recreation and ath- 

 letic grounds, the chief parks being 

 Gore andDundurn Castle. There are 

 the county buildings of Wentworth 

 co., and a fine market square. A 

 service of electric tramcars runs 

 through the wide streets, and there 

 is electric light and power from the 

 De Cew Falls. Sometimes called the 

 Birmingham of Canada, Hamilton 

 has manufactures of iron and steel 

 goods, including railway stock and 

 agricultural implements, as well as 

 textiles, tobacco, and furniture. It 

 is a railway centre. 



The city was founded about 1778, 

 its first inhabitants being loyalists 

 from the U.S.A. Later it took the 

 name of Hamilton from George 

 Hamilton. Its growth during the 

 early years of the 20th century to 

 one of the largest cities in Canada 

 was mainly due to the introduction 

 and us^ of electric power. Made a 

 municipality in 1833, it is governed 

 by a council consisting of mayor 

 and aldermen. Pop. 100,000. 



Hamilton. Chief town and ad- 

 ministrative centre of the Bermu- 

 das. It is situated on Great Ber- 

 muda or Main Island, with a deep 

 harbour approached by a long, in- 

 tricate channel through Two Rock 

 Passage. There are well-laid-out 

 gardens, and it is a winter resort 

 for American visitors. Pop. 2,627. 



Hamilton. Town of North 

 Island, New Zealand, in Waikato 

 co. It is 86 m. by rly. S.S.E. of 

 Auckland, the centre of a grazing 

 and dairying district. It was first 

 laid out for settlement by British 

 soldiers after the Maori wars. 

 Pop. 5,677. 



Hamilton. City of Ohio, U.S.A., 

 the co. seat of Butler co. It stands 

 on the Great Miami river, 25 m. N. 

 of Cincinnati, and is served by the 

 Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton, 

 and other rlys., and the Miami and 

 Erie Canal. The chief buildings are 

 the court house, a public library, 

 and the Notre Dame Academy. 

 The river and canal afford water- 

 power for the industrial plants, 

 which include woollen, flour, and 



paper mills, engine and machine 

 works, foundries, and carriage and 

 wagon factories. Settled in 1791, 

 Hamilton became a city in 1857. 

 Pop. 45,647. 



Hamilton. Famous Scottish 

 family to which the dukes of Aber- 

 corn and Hamilton belong. It ap- 

 pears to have descended from a 

 certain Walter Fitzgilbert, and one 

 story is that the name is taken from 

 a place in Leicestershire. Walter 

 called himself of Hameldone and 

 obtained the barony of Cadzow in 

 Lanarkshire. His younger son was 

 the ancestor of the earls of Had- 

 dington, one of the many titles 

 held by the Hamiltons. 



Walter's eldest son David, who 

 held the barony of Cadzow, was 

 taken prisoner at Neville's Cross 

 and was a lord of parliament. 

 From him and his son various 

 branches of the Hamiltons de- 

 scended, one of these being now 

 represented by Lord Hamilton of 

 Dalzell. James Hamilton, baron of 



William, 3rd Duke of Hamilton , 



After Mytens 



Cadzow, who was made Lord Ham- 

 ilton in 1445, really founded the 

 family's greatness by his marriage 

 with Mary, daughter of King James 

 II. His son was made earl of Arran 

 in 1503, and one of his illegitimate 

 children was John Hamilton, arch- 

 bishop of St. Andrews. John, 2nd 

 earl of Arran, was the father of 

 Claud, Lord Paisley, from whom 

 the dukes of Abercorn are de- 

 scended, and of John, made mar- 

 quess of Hamilton. From the latter 

 the dukes of Hamilton are de- 

 scended, though, after the death of 

 the 2nd duke in 1651, only hi the 

 female line. The heir male of the 

 family is therefore the duke of 

 Abercorn, whose eldest son is 

 known as the marquess of Hamil- 

 ton. In 1786 the earl of Abercorn 

 was created Viscount Hamilton of 

 Hamilton in Leicestershire. 



1st Marquess of 

 Hamilton 



AfterM. Gerardi 



Hamilton, DUKE OF. Scottish 

 title, the oldest of its kind in the 

 peerage. Sir James Hamilton, of 

 Cadzow, . and his wife, Mary, 

 daughter of James II of Scotland, 

 had a son who, in 1503, was made 

 earl of Arran. His son, another 

 James, known as the Regent Arran, 

 was made duke of Chatellerault, in 

 France, in 1549, and John, one of 

 the regent's younger sons, was 

 created marquess of Hamilton in 

 1599. 



The marquess, who died in 1604, 

 was succeeded by his son James, 

 who, in 1619, was made an Eng- 

 lish peer as 

 earl of Cam- 

 bridge. The 

 1 a 1 1 e r ' s son 

 James was the 

 first duke, cre- 

 ated in 1643. 

 Executed in 

 1649 for his 

 share in the 

 civil war, he 

 was followed 

 by his brother 

 William, already earl of Lanark, 

 and secretary of state in Scotland 

 under Charles I. He was mortally 

 wounded at Worcester in Sept., 

 1651, and the title and estates 

 passed to his niece Anne. She 

 married William Douglas, earl 

 of Selkirk, who, in 1660, waa 

 created duke of Hamilton. This 

 duke, who ranks as the 3rd, turned 

 from the Stuarts to William of 

 Orange in 1688 and died in 1694. 



The duchess survived him, but in 

 1698 she resigned her titles to her 

 son James Douglas, who was 

 created duke with precedence from 

 1643. He was made duke of Bran- 

 don in 1711, and was killed in 

 a famous duel with Lord Mohun 

 in 1712, an incident depicted in 

 Esmond. From him the later dukes 

 are descended. James, the 6th, 

 married the beauty, Elizabeth 

 Gunning (q.v.); James, the 7th, 

 inherited, in 1761, the title of 

 marquess of Douglas, but failed 

 after litigation to secure the 

 Douglas estates. However, the 

 family was known henceforward as 

 Douglas -Hamilton. Alexander, 

 the 10th duke, ambassador at St. 

 Petersburg, was a great collector of 

 pictures and works of art generally. 

 William, the llth duke, married 

 a daughter of the grand-duke of 

 Baden, and his daughter married 

 the prince of Monaco. William, the 

 12th duke, was made duke of 

 Chatellerault in 1864 by Napo- 

 leon III. 



The semi-royal position of the 

 dukes of Hamilton passed with the 

 death of the 12th duke in 1895. 

 He was succeeded by a cousin, 

 Alfred Douglas, but left many of 



