HAMMERKOP 



3814 



HAMMERSTEIN 



Hammer-beaded shark. Specimen of Zygaena spbyrna 



viewed from above. The eyes are 

 at the extremities of these lateral 

 head processes. These fish are 

 common in the tropic seas, and one 

 species (Z. malleus) is occasionally 

 found off the British coasts. They 

 frequently attain a length of 14 ft., 

 and are voracious and dangerous. 

 See Shark. 



Hammer kop, HAMMERHEAD OR 

 UMBRETTE (Scopus umbrella). Afri- 

 can bird, related to the herons and 

 storks. It is about 2 ft. long and 

 has brown plumage. When the 

 crest of feathers at the back of the 

 head is raised, it gives the head a 

 certain resemblance to a hammer. 

 The bird is always found near 

 water, and feeds chiefly on fish, 

 frogs, and lizards. 



Hammersmith. Parl. andmun. 

 borough of the co. of London. It is 

 bounded S. by P'ulham and the 

 Thames, where 

 it is fringed by 

 the Upper Mall 

 and Lower Mali ; 

 W. by Chiswick 

 and Acton ; E. by 

 Kensington ; and 

 N. by Kensal 

 Green. It is on 

 the main road 

 from London to 

 Brentford, and is served by the 

 G.W., West London Extension, 

 District, Piccadilly Tube, and North 

 London Rlys. Once a parish of 

 Fulham, it was constituted a sepa- 

 rate borough in 1899 and covers an 

 area of about 3 sq. m. It possesses 

 a fine town hall, 1897, a public 

 library, and many churches, alms- 

 houses, and schools, the last named 

 including S. Paul's, removed here 

 from the city in 1883, the Godol- 

 phin School, dating from the 10th 

 century, and those of the Latymer 

 foundation, 1824. 



The parish church of S. Paul, 

 consecrated by Laud in 1631, and 

 rebuilt 1882-83, contains a number 

 of monuments, preserved from 

 the demolition of the old building. 

 A suspension bridge erected across 

 the Thames in 1827, the first of 



Hammersmith 

 arms 



its kind near Lon- 

 don, was replaced 

 by tne existing 

 structure in 1887^ 

 Close by is Ham- 

 mersmith Pier, 

 7 m. by river from 

 Westminster. The 

 Lyric Theatre was 

 opened April 20, 

 1891; under the 

 direction of Nigel 

 Playfair it has 

 seen the produc- 

 tion or revival of 

 se vera 1 note- 

 worthy plays, 

 notably John 

 Abraham Lincoln, 

 1919, and Gay's The Beggar's 

 Opera, 1920. The King's Theatre 

 was opened on Dec. 26, 1902. In 

 Blythe Road is the Post Office 

 Savings Bank, 1903, and at Addison 



Drinkwater's 



Hammerkop. Specimen 

 African bird 



the 



Road is Olympia. a glass-roofed 

 building, 1886, intended for agri- 

 cultural shows, since used for 

 exhibitions, and during the Great 

 War as a camp for interned aliens 

 and a depot of the Royal Army 

 Service Corps. At Shepherd's Bush 

 are a common, 8 acres, opened 1871, 

 and the White City, 1908, notable 

 for the Olympic Games held in its 

 stadium, and the Franco- British 

 and other exhibitions. At Worm- 

 \vood Scrubs is a prison, 1874, and 

 here also are two recreation 

 grounds, 215 acres and 22 acres 

 respectively, opened 1879 and 

 1886. Ravenscourt Park, 32| acres, 



at the W. end of King Street, was 

 acquired by the London County 

 Council in 1887. Brook Green, 4? 

 acres, was made public in 1881. 

 The Broadway is a busy riy., tram, 

 and 'bus centre, where six roads 

 meet. The omnibus garage, near 

 the parish church, includes the 

 facade of Bradmore House, pulled 

 down in 1913, once the residence 

 of Elijah Impey, and occupying the 

 site of Butterwick Manor House, 

 Cromwell's headquarters in 1647. 



Once noted for its market 

 gardens, orchards, and dairy farms, 

 Hammersmith, which derives its 

 name trom two Saxon words mean- 

 ing a town with a harbour or creek, 

 is now covered with small houses, 

 iron and dye works, electric lamp, 

 sugar, and other factories. Its 

 notable residents have included 

 Sir Nicholas Crispe, who built 

 Brandenburg House, once the 

 headquarters of Fairfax, and the 

 home of Queen Caroline, wife of 

 George IV ; Kneller; Radcliffe; 

 Morland; Thomson; Turner; and 

 Morris, who here started the Kelm- 

 scott Press (q.v.). Two members 

 are returned to Parliament. The 

 chapel of S. George at S. Peter's 

 Church was dedicated in 1920 in 

 memory of 137 men of the parish 

 who fell in the Great War. Pop. of 

 bor. (1921) 130,287. 



Hammerstein, OSCAR (1847- 

 1919). American opera impresario. 

 Born in Berlin, he went to the 





Hammersmith. Hammersmith suspension bridge, 

 erected 1887 ; above, the Town Hall, built 1897 



U.S.A., where he 

 made a fortune as 

 a cigar maker. 

 Turning his atten- 

 tion to opera, he 

 built the Man- 

 hattan Opera 

 House in New 

 York, and from 

 1906 gave an ex- 

 cellent series of 

 performances 

 there. He built 

 six other theatres 

 in the city, also 

 a house in 



