HAMPDEN 



3816 



HAMPSHIRE 



1st Visct. Hampden, 

 British politician 



riparian rights ; wages, interest, 

 and insurance. Three grades of 

 society were recognized, nobles, 

 commoners, and slaves. Mutilation 

 and fine prevailed, imprisonment 

 is unmentioned ; the absence of a 

 murder-penalty points to the re- 

 tention of the blood-feud. 



The code was a unification of 

 Semitic elements pertaining to 

 pastoral life, violence, and theft, 

 with the commercial and agricul- 

 tural law of the Sumerian city- 

 states, whereof glimpses appear in 

 the legal reforms of Urukagina, 

 king of Lagash, about 2825 B.C. 

 For an Assyrian Code somewhat 

 similar to the Babylonian Code of 

 Hammurabi, though smaller, see 

 Mesopotamia. See also Babylonia. 

 Hampden, SIR HENRY Bou- 

 VERIE WILLIAM BRAND, IST VIS- 

 COUNT (1814-92). Speaker of the 

 British House 

 of Commons. 

 Born Dec. 24, 

 1814, and edu- 

 cated at Eton, 

 he entered 

 Parliament as 

 Liberal M.P., 

 1852, repre- 

 senting Lewes 

 till 1868, and 

 Cambridge- 

 shire, 1868-84. For many years a 

 party whip, he was elected Speaker 

 in 1872, and filled that office during 

 the years of the Parnellite obstruc- 

 tion. The sitting of Jan. 31, 1881, 

 lasted for 41 hours, and at 9 a.m., 

 Feb. 2, Brand, on his own responsi- 

 bility, closed the debate. On retire- 

 ment from the chair in 1884, Brand 

 was created Viscount Hampden. 

 He died at Pau, March 14, 1892. 



Hampden, JOHN (1594-1643). 

 English statesman. The eldest son 

 of William Hampden, of Hampden, 

 Bucks, and his 

 wife Elizabeth, 

 an a u n t o f 

 Oliver C r o m- 

 well, he was 

 probably born 

 in London. 

 Educated at 

 Thame Gram- 

 mar School and 

 Magdalen Col- John Hampden, 

 lege, Oxford, in English statesman 

 1613 he entered the Inner Temple. 

 He inherited his father's estates, 

 including the residence at Great 

 Hampden, and became member of 

 Parliament for Grampound, Corn- 

 wall, in 1621 ; later he sat for 

 Wendover, and for Buckingham- 

 shire. 



In 1627 Hampden was impris- 

 oned for refusing to pay a share of 

 a. forced loan raised by Charles I, 

 and in 1635, on the attempt to 

 raise ship-money from inland 



places, he refused again and was 

 prosecuted ; a majority of the 

 judges decided against him, but 

 the Long Parliament reversed their 

 judgement. His courageous stand 

 on a matter of principle estab- 

 lished him as a popular figure, and 

 he became one of the leaders of the 

 parliamentary party. He took 

 part in the impeachment of Straf- 

 ford, 1641, and in 1642 was one of 

 the Five Members whose attempted 

 arrest by the king led to the out- 

 break of the Civil War. When the 

 war began Hampden raised a regi- 

 ment of infantry, and took part in 

 the relief of Coventry and the siege 

 of Reading. In a skirmish at Chal- 

 grove Field, Oxfordshire, June 

 18, 1643, he was badly wounded, 

 and he died at Thame, June 24. 

 Friend and foe united in regarding 

 him as a man of uncommon gifts. 

 See Memorials of Hampden, Lord 

 Nugent, new ed. 1889 ; Statesmen 

 of the Commonwealth, J. Forster, 

 1840 ; Critical and Historical 

 Essays, Lord Macaulay, 1843. 



Hampden, RENN DICKSON (1793- 

 1868). British prelate. Born at 

 Barbados, March 29, 1793, son of 

 Colonel Renn 

 Hampden, he 

 was educated 

 at Oriel Col- 

 lege, Oxford, 

 where he was 

 fellow with 

 Keble and 

 Newman in 

 1814, and was 

 curate in turn Renn D. Hampden, 

 at Newton, British prelate 



Faringdon, AflerD. Macnee.R.S.A. 



and Hackney, principal of S. Mary's 

 Hall, Oxford, 1833, spending 4,000 

 on the buildings, and professor of 

 moral philosophy, 1834. His Bamp- 

 ton lectures, 1832, on The Schol- 

 astic Philosophy Considered in its 

 Relation to Christian Theology, 

 discussing the injurious effect of 

 scholasticism on Protestant truth, 

 were regarded as heretical. 



His appointment as regius pro- 

 fessor of divinity, 1836, was vigor- 

 ously opposed by Newman, Pusey, 

 and others, but defended by Ar- 

 nold. His nomination in 1847 as 

 bishop of Hereford was opposed by 

 13 bishops and led to ineffective 

 litigation, his consecration taking 

 place in 1848. His writings include 

 Lectures on Moral Philosophy, 

 1856 ; and The Fathers of Greek 

 Philosophy, 1862. He died in 

 London, April 23, 1868. See Me- 

 morials, by his daughter, H. Hamp- 

 den, 1871 ; Reminiscences, T. 

 Mozley, 1882; The Case of Dr. 

 Hampden, R. Jebb, 1849. 



Hampshire. County of south- 

 ern England, officially the county 

 of Southampton. It has a coast-line 



on the English Channel, where are 

 the openings of Southampton 

 Water and Portsmouth Harbour. 



The Isle of Wight 



forms part of the 



county, although 



it has a separate 



county council, 



and is described in 



a separate article. 



In the N. are the 



downs, low ranges 



of hills rising up Hampshire. Badge 



to nearly 1,000 of cou n SOUth - 



ft. in places, and 



ampton 



in the W. is the New Forest. The 

 chief rivers are the Itchin, Test, 

 Avon, Hamble, and Lymington. 

 The area of the county, including 

 the Isle of Wight, is 1,623 sq. m. 



Hampshire is mainly an agricul- 

 tural county, a feature being the 

 number of sheep reared. There are 

 also many pigs. Wheat, barley, and 

 oats are grown, but there is a con- 

 siderable area of waste or forest 

 land, including, in addition to the 

 New Forest, the forests of Bere, 

 Woolmer, and Alice Holt. 



Winchester is the capital. The 

 largest towns are the two great sea- 

 ports, Southampton and Ports- 

 mouth ; the county also includes 

 Bournemouth, Southsea Alder- 

 shot, and Eastleigh. 



There are a number of small 

 market towns. Some of these, 

 e.g. Andover, Basingstoke, Christ- 

 church, Romsey, and Lymington, 

 are boroughs with a long history 

 behind them ; others, although not 

 now boroughs, are equally old, e.g. 

 Petersfield, Fareham, Alton, Odi- 

 ham, Whitchurch, and Stockbridge 

 were, at one time or other, repre- 

 sented in Parliament. Farnborough 

 and Gosport are of more recent 

 growth. The chief rly. line is the 

 L. & S.W., but the G.W. and 

 the L.B. & S.C. also serve the 

 county. The county sends six 

 members to Parliament, in addition 

 to one for the Isle of Wight. It 

 is in the diocese of Winchester. 



In the county are the abbey 

 ruins at Beaulieu and Netley, and 

 the beautiful old churches at 

 Christchurch and Romsey. Of old 

 castles there remain Porchester 

 and Hurst. There are the ruins of 

 Basing House, Strathfieldsaye, the 

 seat of the duke of Wellington, 

 Hursley, and Tich borne. At 

 Bishop's Waltham the bishop of 

 Winchester had a palace, while 

 Porchester was a Roman station 

 Notable houses include Heron 

 Court, near Christchurch, and 

 Broadlands, once the residence of 

 Lord Palmerston. Hampshire was 

 the birthplace of English cricket. 

 Pop., Tsle of Wight excluded, 

 (1921) 410, 223. (See New Forest ; 

 Wight, Isle of.) 



