HANKEY 



3824 



HANNIBAL 



trade, 18G2. Hankau is connected 

 by rly. with Peking, 755 in. dis- 

 tant, and is accessible to ocean- 

 going steamers during summer. 

 With Hanyang, across the Han 

 river, and Wuchang, on the S. 

 hank of the Yang-tse, it forms the 

 foremost trading centre hi central 

 China, only surpassed in import- 

 ance in the whole of China by 

 Shanghai. Pop. of the three cities 

 variously estimated between 

 826,000 and 1 ,443,950. In Hankau 

 there are British, Russian, French, 

 and Japanese settlements, with a 

 total foreign population of 3,000. 



Hankey, SIR MAURICE PASCAL 

 ALERS (b. 1877). British civil ser- 

 vant. Born April 1, 1877, he was 

 educated at 

 Rugby. He 

 entered the 

 Royal Marine 

 Artillery in 

 1895, and 

 served for some 

 years with the 

 fleet. In 1902 

 he joined the 

 naval intelli- 

 gence depart- 

 ment, which 



Sir Maurice Hankey, 

 British civil servant 



Rut sell 



led to his becoming assistant secre- 

 tary to the committee of imperial 

 defence. In 1912 he was promoted 

 to be secretary, and in 1916, on its 

 formation, he acted in a similar 

 capacity to the war cabinet. In 1919 

 he was made secretary to the Cabi- 

 net. Made a K.C.B. in 1916, Sir 

 Maurice had much to do with the 

 preparations for the peace confer- 

 ence of 1919, and was the British 

 representative on its secretariat. 

 In 1919 he was created G.C.B. and 

 awarded 25,000 for his services 

 during the war. In 1923 he be- 

 came clerk of the privy council. 

 See Cabinet. 



Han-Kiang. River of China, 

 mainly in the provs. of Hu-peh and 

 Shen-si. Rising in the Tapaling 

 mts. at the S.W. corner of the prov. 

 of Shen-si, it winds in a generally 

 E. or S.E. course, to join the Yang- 

 tse-Kiang near Hankau. The 

 towns of Hauchung, Sing-Ngan, and 

 Yuen-yang are on or near its banks. 

 Its length is est. at 900 m. 



Hanley. District of Stoke-upon- 

 Trent, formerly a county borough 

 and market town. It is 18 m. from 

 Stafford and 148 

 m. from London, 

 being served by 

 the N. Staffs. 

 Rly. and by 

 tramways. The 

 chief buildings 

 are the town 

 hall, Victoria 



Hanley arms p al1 ' P ublic li ' 

 brary, school of 

 art, and technical museum, as well as 



a number of churches. The staple 

 industry is the manufacture of 

 pottery of all kinds from china- 

 ware to tiles ; there are also 

 foundries and ironworks, while 

 around are extensive coal mines. 

 A modern place, Hanley developed 

 with the growth of the pottery in- 

 dustry. It was made a borough in 

 1857, and in 1910 was included in 

 the borough of Stoke-upon-Trent. 

 It had then a population of 66,000, 

 being the most populous of the so- 

 called Five Towns. See Potteries ; 

 Stoke-upon-Trent. 



Hannah. Wife of Elkanah and 

 mother of the prophet Samuel 

 (1 Sam. 1 and 2). Samuel was 

 horn in answer to prayer, and she 

 dedicated him to God's service, 

 taking him to Eli, the high priest, 

 to become his attendant. Fairly 

 common as a Christian name, 

 Hannah means in Hebrew, grace. 



Hannay, JAMES (1827-73). Scot- 

 tish author and journalist. Born 

 at Dumfries, Feb. 17, 1827, he 

 entered the navy in 1840. but left 

 it in 1845. He then became a 

 journalist, working for The Morn- 

 ing Chronicle and other papers, 

 before serving, from 1860-64, as 

 editor of The Edinburgh Courant. 

 From 1868-73 he was British 

 consul at Barcelona, and he died 

 Jan. 8, 1873. Hannay's voluminous 

 writings include novels, essays, 

 and miscellaneous articles. Satire 

 and Satirists, 1854, and Char- 

 acters and Criticisms, 1865, 

 show his literary knowledge and 

 taste. His novels include Hearts 



peer. In 1888 he presided over th 

 Parnell Commission, and in 1892 

 was an arbitrator in the dispute 

 concerning the Bering Sea fisheries 

 Strong, dignified, learned and ac 

 curate, Hannen ranks among the 

 greatest English judges of the 19tl 

 century. He died in London, Marc! 

 29,1894. 



Hannibal. City of Missouri 

 U.S.A., in Marion co. It stands or 

 the right bank of the Mississipj. 

 river, 120 m. N.W. of St. Louis, and 

 is served by the Chicago, Burling 

 ton, and Quincy, and other rlys 

 Among the chief buildings are fh< 

 federal building, the city hall, i 

 hospital, a high school, and a publi< 

 library. The city is connected witl 

 East Illinois by a long bridge across 

 the river, and contains a fine park o 

 1 20 acres. A thriving trade in agri 

 cultural produce, lumber, flour, anc 

 tobacco is carried on, and th 

 industrial establishments includ 

 foundries, lumber, cigar, shoe, lime 

 and cement factories, and wagon 

 and machinery works. Hanniba 

 was founded in 1 819, and received a 

 city charter in 1839. Pop. 22,398. 



Hannibal (c. 247-183 B.C.). Car 

 thaginian soldier. He was the S( ;n o\ 

 Hamilcar Barca, who, after the first 

 Punic War (264-241 B.C.), in which 

 Rome had wrested the command 

 of the sea from her rival, organized 

 what was virtually an independent 

 Carthaginian dominion in Spain. 

 In childhood Hannibal had taken 

 a great oath to his father that his 

 lifa should be devoted to the over- 

 throw of Rome. In Spain the b 



Conyers, 

 Studies 



Three Hundred Years of a Nor- 

 man House, 1867 ; and published 

 a volume of Essays from The 

 Quarterly Review, 1861. 



Hannay, JAMES OWEN. Irish 

 novelist, better known by his pen- 

 name, George A. Birmingham (q.v.). 

 Hannen, JAMES HANNEN, BARON 

 (1821-94). British lawyer. Born in 

 London, he was educated at S 

 Paul's School 

 and Heidelberg 

 University, and 

 was called t o 

 the bar at the 

 Middle Temple, 

 1848. Ap- 

 pointed junior 

 counsel to the 

 treasury, ]863, 

 he became 

 a judge of 

 the queen's bench, 1868, and judge 

 of the probate and divorce court, 

 1872. He was president of the 

 admiralty and divorce division, 

 1875-91, when he was appointed a 

 lord of appeal and created a life 





Baron Hannen, 

 British lawyer 



inary capa 

 city that after Hamilcar's death the 

 soldiery demanded his appoint- 

 ment to the supreme command, 

 though he was only twenty-five. 

 Two years later, by laying siege to 

 the allied town of Saguntum, he 

 roused Rome to declare war upon 

 Carthage. He at once resolved 

 upon an invasion of Italy. With 

 extraordinary skill he led his army 

 from Spain through the south of 

 Gaul in 218, defeated in the Rhone 

 valley a Roman expedition sent 

 to hold him in check, carried his 

 army over the Alpine passes, as 

 Napoleon did two thousand years 

 later, in the face of extraordinary 

 difficulties, descended into the Lom- 

 bard plain, and routed the Roman 

 armies at the battles of Ticinus and 

 Trebia. 



Throughout the struggle Hanni- 

 bal had to live upon the country, 

 while he was entirely dependent 

 upon his own military genius, the 

 small and miscellaneous but de- 

 voted and admirably trained army 

 which he had brought into Italy, 

 and such support as he could per- 

 suade or compel the Italian 

 enemies of Rome to supply. The 



