HARBOUR GRACE 



3833 



HARCOURT 



within a harbour, and for marking 

 out an approach channel beyond 

 the entrance. 



A defended harbour is a place 

 at which companies of Royal Gar- 

 rison Artillery were stationed dur- 

 ing the Great War. 



Bibliography. The Theory, For- 

 mation, and Construction of British 

 and Foreign Harbours, J. Rennie, 

 1854 ; Harbours and Docks, L. F 

 Vernon Harcourt, 1885 ; The Design 

 and Construction of Harbours, T. 

 Stevenson, 1886 ; Ports and Docks, 

 D. Owen, 1904. 



Harbour Grace. Port of entry 

 and second town in importance of 

 Newfoundland. It stands on Con- 

 ception Bay and the Reid rly. It 

 has a Roman Catholic cathedral, a 

 court house, and a large but ex- 

 posed harbour. Pop. 4,279. 



Harbour Lights, THE. Nautical 

 melodrama by George R. Sims and 

 Henry Pettitt, produced at The 

 Adelphi, Dec. 23, 1885, where it 

 ran for 512 performances. The cast 

 included William Terriss, as David 

 Kingsley, the hero. 



Harburg. Town of Germany, 

 in the Prussian province of Han- 

 over. It stands on the S. branch 

 of the Elbe, 5 m. S. of Hamburg. 

 Since the middle of the 19th 

 century it has become a seaport 

 and transit centre of increasing 

 size and importance. It is con- 

 nected with Hamburg by rly. and 

 river, and is a rly. junction for Bre- 

 men and Cuxhaven. Its manu- 

 factures include jute and linseed 

 oil. Engineering and shipbuilding 

 are also carried on. Pop. 67,025. 



Harcourt, LEWIS HARCOURT, 

 VISCOUNT (1863-1922). British 

 politician. He was born Feb. 1, 

 1863, the elder 

 son of Sir 

 William Har- 

 court, and was 

 educated a t 

 Eton. For 

 many years 

 h e acted a s 

 private secre- 

 tary to his 

 father, and 

 gained a wide 

 knowledge o f 

 politics and politicians. In 1904 he 

 entered the House of Commons for 

 the Rossendale division of Lanca 

 shire, and in 1905 joined the 

 Liberal ministry as first commis- 

 sioner of works. 



Later he entered the Cabinet, 

 and from 1910-15 was colonial 

 secretary, reverting to his former 

 post when the Coalition Govern- 

 ment was formed in 1915. He re- 

 signed with Asquith in 1916, and 

 was made a viscount. This title 

 had been held by earlier Harcourts, 

 whose estate at Nuneham he in- 

 herited. He died Feb. 24, 1922. 



r* 



Viscount Harcourt, 

 British politician 



Simon, Viscount 



Harcourt, 

 English lawyer 



Harcourt, SIMON HARCOTJRT, 

 IST VISCOUNT (c. 1662-1727). 

 English lawyer The only son of 

 Sir Philip Har- 

 court, he be- 

 longed to the 

 family that, 

 coming from 

 Norm andy. 

 had made its 

 home in Ox- 

 ford shire, 

 where Stanton 

 Harcourt com- 

 meinorates 

 the fact. 

 Simon was born at the manor 

 house there, and was educated at 

 Pembroke College, Oxford. In 

 1690 he entered Parliament as 

 M.P. for Abingdon, and in 1702 he 

 became solicitor-general and a 

 knight. In 1707-8, and again in 

 1710, he was attorney-general, 

 and later in 1710 was made lord 

 keeper of the great seal. In 1711 

 he was created a baron ; in 1713 

 he became lord chancellor, but like 

 other Tories, he lost his office when 

 George I became king in 1714; in 

 1721 he was made a viscount. He 

 died July 23, 1727. Swift referred 

 to him as " trimming Harcourt." 



Harcourt, the ancestor of the 

 later Harcourts, bought Nune 

 ham, which is still their seat. His 

 son, Simon, predeceased his father, 

 so the latter's heir was his grand 

 son, Simon (1714-77). He was 

 viceroy of Ireland, 1772-77, hav 

 ing previously been governor to 

 the prince of Wales, afterward.- 

 George III. In 1749 he was made 

 an earl. His two sons succeeded in 

 turn to the titles and estates. The 

 younger of these, William, the 3rd 

 earl (1743-1830), served in America 

 and in Flanders, becoming a field 

 marshal. When he died the titles 

 became extinct. 



Harcourt, SIR WILLIAM GEORGE 

 GRANVILLEVENABLESVERNON (1827 

 -1904). British statesman. The 

 son and grandson of clergymen, his 

 grandfather being Edward Har- 

 court, archbishop of York, he was 

 born at York, Oct. 14, 1827. The 

 archbishop was originally named 

 Vernon, but took the name of 

 Harcourt . on succeeding to the 

 estates of that family. Educated 

 privately and at Trinity College, 

 Cambridge, Harcourt was called to 

 the bar. He was made Whewell 

 professor of international law at 

 Cambridge, and held this post 

 until 1887. 



By birth a Whig, Harcourt 

 joined the Liberal party, and in 

 1868 entered the House of Com- 

 mons as M.P. for Oxford city. He 

 lost his seat in 1880 but was mem- 

 ber for Derby 1880-95 when, 

 being rejected there, he was re- 



turned by W. Monmouthshire, re- 

 taining that seat until his death. 

 He entered official life as solicitor- 

 general under Gladstone in 1S73 ; 

 going into opposition in 1874. 

 In 1880, when the Liberals came 

 again into power, he was made 

 home secretary. He had to deal with 

 the Fenian outrages, and the Irish 

 malcontents found in him one of 

 their most vigorous assailants. In 

 1886 he was for a few months 

 chancellor of the exchequer, hav- 

 ing adhered to Gladstone when the 

 party was split over Home Rule ; 

 and then followed six more years 

 in opposition. 



In 1892 Harcourt returned to 

 the Exchequer, and in 1894 was 

 responsible for the Budget which 

 established the present graduated 

 system of death duties. He suc- 

 ceeded Gladstone in 1894 as leader 

 of the House of Commons, but not 



as prime minister, and this was un- 

 doubtedly a bitter disappointment 

 to him. From 1895-98 he led the 

 party in opposition, but the dif- 

 ferences between him and many 

 of his followers grew more pro- 

 nounced, and he resigned in 1898. 

 Henceforward he occupied a de- 

 tached position, having little save 

 hard words both for the Conserva- 

 tives and for the imperialist section 

 of the Liberals. He died Oct. 1, 

 1904, having only just inherited 

 Nuneham Park and the estates of the 

 Harcourts. He was twice married, 

 and left two sons, Lewis and 

 Robert, both Liberal politicians. 



Harcourt was one of the fore- 

 most men of his day, touching life 

 at many points. Endowed with an 

 imposing presence and great men- 

 tal gifts, he was a witty talker, a 

 forcible debater, and a most accept- 

 able platform speaker. His Life by 

 A. G. Gardiner appeared in 1923. 

 See British Political Leaders, J. 

 MacCarthy, 1903. 



