HARDWICKE 



3837 



he soon turned to the other branch 

 of the profession, and after serving 

 as a tutor to the sons of the earl of 

 Mace lesfield, 

 he was called 

 to the bar in 

 1718. His 

 f rien dship 

 with Maccles- 

 field, the lord 

 c h a n c e 1 1 or, 

 was useful to 

 I ,: J him, and he 

 1st Earl of Hard wicke, soon had a 

 British lawyer g OO( j practice. 

 In 1719 he was chosen M.P. for 

 Lewes, and in 1720 he became 

 solicitor-general, and a knight. In 

 1723 he was promoted attorney- 

 general. 



In 1733 Yorke was made lord 

 chief justice and created a peer, and 

 in 1737 lord chancellor. There he 

 remained until 1756, and during 

 these years he was one of the most 

 influential men in the country. As 

 head of the council of regency in 

 1745, he had to deal with the crisis 

 caused by the Jacobite rising, and 

 after it was over he showed himself 

 merciless to the rebels. He carried 

 the measure abolishing the heredi- 

 tary jurisdiction in the Highlands, 

 but his name i more closely asso- 

 ciated with the Marriage Act of 

 1753. In 1754 he was made an earl. 

 Hardwicke resigned the lord 

 chancellorship in Nov., 1756, but 

 in 1757 returned to the cabinet, 

 although without a definite post. 

 He remained there until May, 1762, 

 and until his death, March 6, 1764, 

 was one of the leaders of his party 

 in its opposition to the ministry of 

 Bute. His eldest son succeeded to his 

 titles; another son, Charles Yorke, 

 became lord chancellor ; others were 

 Joseph Yorke, created Lord Dover, 

 and James Yorke, bishop of Ely. 

 Hardwicke' s fame rests upon his 

 work as a judge. To him, more per- 

 haps than to anyone else, are due 

 the lines upon which English 

 equity has developed. 



Hardwicke Society. Legal de- 

 bating society established about 

 1835 and named after Lord Chan- 

 cellor Hardwicke. Its meeting- 

 places have included Peele's Coffee 

 House, Fetter Lane (now a tavern), 

 Anderton's Hotel, the Portugal and 

 Dicks' s hotels (now no more), and 

 the Temple. Originally formed for 

 the discussion of legal subjects, the 

 society now concerns itself mainly 

 with political subjects. Its present 

 home is the Middle Temple Com- 

 mon Room. Only bar students and 

 barristers are admitted. 



Hard. wick Hall. Seat of the 

 duke of Devonshire. It is 6 m. 

 from Chesterfield, in Derbyshire. 

 Built by Elizabeth, countess of 

 Shrewsbury, between 1590 and 



Hardwick Hall. Derbyshire seat of the Duke of 

 Devonshire seen from the south-west 



1597, it is remarkable for the 

 number and size of its glass win- 

 dows, and it contains some fine 

 pictures and tapestries. It has 

 been altered very little and is a 

 fine example of an Elizabethan 

 mansion. Notable features are the 

 picture gallery and the chapel. 

 There was an earlier hall here in 

 which Mary Queen of Scots lived 

 when a prisoner. 



The nearest station is Rowthorn, 

 1 m. away. Near is Ault Hucknall, 

 its little church containing the 

 tomb of Thomas Hobbes. 



Hardwood. Term used for a 

 timber that is heavy and close- 

 grained and therefore strong. The 

 opposite term is soft wood. In 

 forestry the term is used for the 

 wood of a broad-leaved tree, such 

 as the beech, in opposition to that 

 of a coniferous tree ; this is irre- 

 spective of the strength of the 

 timber. See Forestry ; Timber. 



Hardy, ALEXANDRE (c. 1560-c. 

 1631 ). French dramatist. He was 

 born in Paris, but little is known of 

 his Me beyond the fact that for 

 some time he travelled with a band 

 of strolling players, for whom he 



wrote pieces, and 

 later was attached 

 in a similar capa- 

 city to the Theatre 

 de 1' Hotel d' Ar- 

 gent, Paris. He 

 was one of the 

 most prolific dra- 

 matists of history, 

 producing some 

 600 plays, of 

 which 41 are ex- 

 tant. Among these 

 are Scedase, 1604; 

 A Iphee, a pastoral, 

 1606; La Mort 

 d'Achille, 1607 ; 

 and the two best, 

 Marianne, 1610, and Fredegonde, 

 1621. Although now little read, 

 Hardy was important historically 

 as the first to give life and move- 

 ment to the classic drama. 



Hardy, DUDLEY (1867-1922). 

 British artist and illustrator. Born 

 at Sheffield, Jan. 15, 1867, he was 

 the eldest son of 

 T. B. Hardy, the 

 marine painter. 

 He studied at 

 Dusseldorf, 

 Antwerp, and 

 Paris, and had 

 much to do with 

 the exhibitions 

 of the Royal 

 Society of Brit- 

 ish Artists, the 

 Royal Institute 

 of Water Colour 

 Painters, and 

 other London 

 exhibitions. To 



the general public he was better 

 known as an illustrator in The 

 Sketch, Graphic, Punch, Sphere, 

 and kindred periodicals, and by his 

 work in books and poster work. 

 Hardy died Aug. 11, 1922. 



ElliottJk Fry 



THOMAS HARDY : NOVELIST AND POET 



George Sampson, M.A., Author and Critic 



The articles English Language and Literature and Novel may be 



consulted in connexion with the following. See also Bournemouth ; 



Dorchester; Dorset; and biographies of Kipling, Meredith, and 



other contemporaries of Hardy 



Thomas Hardy, novelist, poet, 

 and dramatist, was born at Upper 

 Bockhampton, near Dorchester, 

 June 2, 1 840. From local schools he 

 passed to King's College, London. 

 During 1856-61 he was the pupil 

 of an ecclesiastical architect, and 

 from 1862-67 he worked at Gothic 

 architecture, under Sir A. Blom- 

 field. It is not fanciful to trace the 

 influence of this training in the 

 ordering of his literary work. 



He drew and measured many old 

 country churches, since pulled 

 down or destroyed by " restora- 

 tion," and was a prizeman of the 

 Royal Institution of British Archi- 

 tects, and of the Architectural As- 



sociation. Meanwhile he read Latin 

 and Greek with a fellow pupil, and 

 wrote a great deal of verse, 

 during 1860-68. Some of this has 

 been published, some transposed 

 into prose and embedded in the 

 novels. 



His first known appearance in 

 print was with an article, How I 

 Built Myself a House, in Cham- 

 bers's Journal for March 18, 1865. 

 In 1871 appeared his first novel, 

 Desperate Remedies, followed in 

 1872 by Under the Greenwood 

 Tree. His last full-length story, 

 The Well- Beloved, appeared in 

 1897. His work, while various in 

 scope and positive value, has a 



