HARFLEUR 



3842 



HARING 



Harfleur. Town and seaport 

 of France. In the dept. of Seine 

 Inferieure, it stands on the Le- 

 zarde, near where it falls into the 

 Seine. The chief building is S. 

 Martin's Church, a Gothic building 

 known for its high steeple and 

 fine portal. There are ruins of the 



Harfleur, France. The church of 

 S. Martin, with its beautiful Gothic 

 spire 



old castle, but the other fortifica- 

 tions have disappeared. A 1 7th 

 century chateau occupies the site 

 of the castle. 



Harfleur was a considerable 

 port in the Middle Ages, but 

 later it was rendered useless by 

 the accumulation of sand in the 

 Lezarde. However, in 1 887 a canal 

 was cut connecting it again with 

 Havre and the Seine. A new 

 harbour with docks and other ac- 

 commodation for vessels and their 

 cargoes were built along the canal, 

 and the port has a trade in coal 

 and timber. There is some fishing, 

 while other industries are con- 

 nected with oil and spirits. Har- 

 fleur was besieged and taken by 

 Henry V of England in 1415, being 

 then the chief port of Normandy, 

 in 1445, inspired by John de 

 Grouchy, the French drove out the 

 English, and although the latter 

 returned, they finally lost the place 

 in 1449. Pop. 2,700. 



Hargicourt. Name of two vil- 

 lages in France prominent in the 

 Great War: (1) in the dept. of 

 Aisne, slightly S. of Ronssoy. It 

 fell to the Germans in the first day 

 of their great March offensive, 191 8. 

 It was retaken by an Australian 

 division, Sept. 18, 191 8. (2) In the 

 dept. of Somme, 6 m. S.E. of 

 Moreuil. This Hargicourt was 

 captured by the Germans, March, 

 1918, and stormed by the French, 

 Aug. 9, 1918. See Epehy, Battle 

 of; Somme, Battles of the. 



Hargood, SIR WILLIAM (1762- 

 1839). British admiral. Born May 

 6, 1762, his father was in the navy, 

 which he himself entered in 1773. 

 As a youth he saw a good deal of 

 active service, especially during 

 the war against America. In 1792 

 he obtained command of a ship, 

 the Hyaena, but in 1793 this was 

 taken by a French vessel, and the 

 officers were made prisoners. They 

 escaped, however, and soon Har- 

 good, acquitted by a court-martial, 

 was commanding another ship. He 

 did good service in suppressing the 

 mutiny of 1796 ; at Trafalgar he 

 led the Belleisle, and he was al- 

 most constantly at sea until 1814, 

 being appointed to command a 

 squadron in 1810. In 1815 he was 

 knighted, in 1831 was made an 

 admiral, and from 183336 he was 

 commander-in-chief at Plymouth. 

 Hargood, who died Sept. 11, 1839, 

 owed much to his friendship with 

 William IV, under whom he served 

 in the navy. 



Hargreaves, JAMES (d. 1778). 

 British inventor. A carpenter and 

 weaver of Standhill, near Black- 

 burn, in 1760 he invented an im- 

 provement of the carding machine, 

 and about four years later built a 

 machine which contained eight 

 spindles in a row. This was called 

 the spinning jenny, and its inven- 

 tion marks the beginning of an era 

 in industrial history. Together 

 with Kay's flying shuttle it revo- 

 lutionised the cot- .._ 

 ton and woollen ; 

 industries, multi- 

 plying their out- 

 put many times. 



Imagining that 

 i t s introduction 

 would replace 

 human labour by 

 machinery and 

 thus mean ruin 

 for themselves, 

 some Blackburn 

 spinners raided 

 Hargreaves" 

 house and de- 

 stroyed his appa- 

 ratus in 1768. He 

 thereupon moved 

 to Nottingham, 

 and notwithstand- 

 i n g opposition, 

 his machines were 

 soon widely used. After his death it 

 was asserted that he had appropri- 

 ated the invention of Arkwright, 

 and the matter was the subject of a 

 lawsuit. See Arkwright ; Spinning. 



Hari OR HERI RUD. River of 

 Afghanistan, the ancient Arius. 

 Rising in the Hindu Rush, it has 

 a length of about 700 m. It flows 

 through N.W. Afghanistan and for 

 part of its course forms the boun- 

 dary between Afghanistan and 



Persia. Herat is situated on it. It 

 finally loses itself in the Tejen 

 swamps of the Transoaspian prov. 



Haricot, FRENCH BEAN OR KID- 

 NEY BEAN. Seed of Pliaseolus rul- 

 yciris. The green pods, called b} 7 

 the French haricots verts, when 

 boiled form a wholesome and ex- 

 cellent vegetable. They can be 

 preserved in salt for some time for 

 winter use. The beans, either dried 

 or fresh, are boiled. If dried, it is 

 necessary to soak them in cold water 

 for about twenty -four hours, or they 

 may be placed in cold water and 

 brought to the boil. After simmer- 

 ing for half an hour they are again 

 placed in cold water, and this pro- 

 cess is repeated till the beans are 

 tender. The older meaning of the 

 French word haricot is a dish of 

 stewed mutton, beans, and other 

 vegetables. Fron.harryko. <SeeBean. 



Haricot Redoubt. Turkish 

 strongly fortified position on the 

 Kereves Ridge, Gallipoli peninsula, 

 prominent in the fighting there in 

 the Great War. It lies on the 

 S.E. part of Gallipoli near Krithia 

 (q.v. ). It was stormed by the Brit- 

 ish, June 4, 1915. See Gallipoli, 

 Campaign in. 



Haring, GEOEG WILHELM 

 (1798-1871). German novelist, 

 also known as Willibald Alexis. 

 Born at Breslau, June 29, 1798, he 

 saw some military service, was 

 engaged in law, and then took up 

 literary work. He was a prolific 



James faargreaves. Model of his Spinning Jenny, now in 

 the Science and Art Museum, South Kensington, London 



writer of poems, plays, and histori- 

 cal novels, many of the last having 

 become classics. Cabanis, 1832 ; 

 Roland von Berlin, 1840 ; Die Hosen 

 des Herrn von Bredow, 1846-48, 

 are the best known of his romances. 

 He was much influenced by Sir 

 Walter Scott, and his early novels, 

 Walladm. r, 1823-24, and Schloss 

 Avalon, 1827, were long considered 

 works of that author. Haring died at 

 Arnstadt, Thuringia, Dec. 16, 1871. 



