HATCH 



3870 



HATFIELD HOUSE 



Edwin Hatch, 

 British theologian 



Hatch, EDWIN (1835-89). Brit- 

 ish theologian. Born at Derby, 

 Sept. 4, 1835, he was educated at 

 King Edward's 

 School, Birm- 

 ingham, and 

 Pembroke Col- 

 lege, Oxford. 

 He was o r - 

 dainedin 1859, 

 and went to 

 Trinity C o 1 - 

 lege, Toronto, 

 as professor of 

 classics; in 

 1862 he became head of the high 

 sch >ol at Quebec. In 1867, Hatch, 

 again in England, was appointed 

 vice-principal of S. Mary Hall, Ox- 

 ford, and in 1884 university reader 

 in ecclesiastical history, having 

 previously been lecturer on the 

 Septuagint. By this time he had 

 made a reputation as a theologian, 

 his Bampton lectures in 1880, On 

 the Organization of the Early 

 Christian Churches, having at- 

 attracted much attention. His 

 published works include The 

 Growth of Church Institutions, 

 1887, and some poems. He died 

 Nov. 10, 1889. 



Hatching (Fr. hacker, to chop). 

 Shading by minute intersecting 

 lines in drawing or engraving. See 

 Crosshatching. 



Hatchment. Lozenge -shaped 

 panel used to display the armorial 

 bearings of a deceased person. If 

 erected to 

 commemorate 

 an unmarried 

 person, a 

 widower or a 

 widow, the 

 whole of the 

 panel sur- 

 rounding 

 the armorial 

 shield would 

 be painted black ; if for a husband 

 or a wife, the arms would be im- 

 paled, and half the hatchment 

 would be painted black and half 

 white, the black being on the 

 dexter or sinister according to 

 whether the deceased was the hus- 

 band or the wife. Hatchments 

 were formerly affixed to the resi- 

 dences of deceased persons and 

 also carried in the funeral proces- 

 sion, to be subsequently hung up 

 in the church. Many country 

 churches in England still retain 

 hatchments of local families. The 

 word is said to be a corruption of 

 achievement (q.v.). See Heraldry. 

 Hatfield OR BISHOP'S HATFIELD. 

 Parish and market town of Hert- 

 fordshire, England. It stands on 

 the Lea, 17 m. N. of London, on 

 the G.N.R., is secluded, and re- 

 markable for its picturesque old 

 and handsome church. 



Known as Heathfield in Saxon 

 times and as Hetfelle in Domes- 

 day, the manor was given by Edgar 

 to the monks of Ely, and here, 

 1108-1538, the bishops of Ely had 

 a palace, parts of which, including 

 the banqueting hall and a gate- 

 house, remain. The manor was 

 conveyed in 1538 by Bishop Good- 

 rich to Henry VIII in exchange for 

 lands in Cambridge, Essex, and 

 Norfolk. Edward VI, who lived 

 here occasionally before coming to 

 the throne, conveyed it to his sister 

 Elizabeth, who here held her first 

 council. It was given, in 1603, by 

 James I to Robert Cecil, 1st earl of 

 Salisbury, in exchange for Theo- 

 balds (q.v.), near Cheshunt, and it 

 has remained since in possession of 

 the Cecil family. 



The church of S. Etheldreda 

 dates from Norman times, was ex- 

 tensively restored in 1872, and has 

 two noteworthy chapels, one con- 

 taining a recumbent effigy of 

 Robert Cecil (d. 1612), an example 

 of the costly Italian work of the 

 early 17th century, and the other 

 monuments of the Brocketts and 

 Reades, of Brockett Hall, a man- 

 sion 3 m. from Hatfield, once the 

 residence of Lord Melbourne and 

 Lord Palmerston and later the seat 

 of Lord Mount Stephen. Pop. 

 8,592. See English Studies, J. S. 

 Brewer, 1881. 



Other Hatfields include one in 

 Worcestershire, 4^ m. S. of Wor- 

 cester. Hatfield Broad Oak, Hat- 

 field Regis, or King's Hatfield, is in 

 Essex, 5 m. S.E. of Bishop's 



Stortford, site of a 



12th century Bene- I 

 d i c t i n e priory. I 

 Hatfield Forest is 

 aparish2Jm.N.W. ; 

 of Hatfield Broad 

 Oak. Great Hat- 

 field is in the East 

 Riding of York- 

 shire ; H a t fi e 1 d 

 Heath, a parish 

 and village of Hat- 

 field Broad Oak; 

 Little Hatfield, in 

 the East Riding of 



Yorkshire; and Hatfield Peverel, 

 an Essex parish or village 2 m. 

 S.W. of Witham, with remains of a 

 12th century Benedictine priory. 



Hatfield Chase. Dist. of York- 

 shire (W.R.). Composed of peat 

 moss, it lies between the rivers 

 Don, Idle, and Thorne. Originally, 

 as the name suggests, parts of it 

 were the resort of deer, while else- 

 where there were fish. In 1626 it 

 was drained by Cornelius Vermuy- 

 den, and most of its 180.000 acres 

 is now under cultivation. The 

 village of Hatfield, 7 m. from Don- 

 caster on the Don, has an interest- 

 ing church, S. Lawrence. The 

 manor house here was once a royal 

 residence, used when the kings 

 hunted in the chase. Hatfield is 

 supposed to be the Heaihfield at 

 which Penda, king of Mercia, 

 gained a victory over the North- 

 umbrians in 633. The station is 

 Stainforth, on the G.C. Rly. Pop. 

 1,750. 



Hatfield House. Seat of the 

 Cecils, in Hertfordshire, England. 

 Built of red brick and Caen stone, 

 and one of the most notable ex- 

 amples of Jacobean architecture in 

 the kingdom, it stands in the parish 

 of Hatfield or Bishop's Hatfield. 

 Erected by Robert Cecil, 1st earl of 

 Salisbury, it was completed in 

 1611, contains part of the old 

 palace of the bishops of Ely, and 

 stands in a park measuring up- 

 wards of 10 m. in circumference. 

 In the park is preserved the 

 oak tree under which, accord- 

 ing to tradition, Elizabeth was 



Hatfield House. The Hall and, top rignt, soutn front 

 of the mansion built by the 1st Earl or Salisbury 



seated when she 

 received news of 

 her accession to 

 the throne. 



In shape a 

 parallelogram, 

 with two wings 

 on the S. front, 

 from designs by 

 John Thorpe, the 

 building was re- 

 stored by the 6th 

 earl. The W. wing 

 was almost totally 

 destroyed by fire, 



