HAUTMONT 



3876 



HAVANA 



especially hilly towards the S.W., 

 where lies a part of the Montagues 

 du Limousin. Cereals, chestnuts, 

 sheep, and cattle are the chief 

 agricultural products. There are 

 miscellaneous industries in the 

 towns, porcelain, boots, paper, and 

 liqueurs being notable. The river 

 Vienne enters the dept. at its 

 easternmost corner and flows W., 

 tributaries in the dept. being 

 the Taurion and Briance. The 

 Gartempe flows across the N. 

 part, and the Isle, Dronne, Tar- 

 doire. and Charente rise in the 

 dept. There are four arrondisse- 

 ments, with Limoges (q.v.) as the 

 capital, other towns of note being 

 Bellac, Le Dorat, St. Junien, and 

 St. Yrieux. At Chalusset, 10 m. S. 

 of Limoges, is the ruined castle of 

 the viscounts of Limoges. Area, 

 2,119sq. m. Pop. 384,736. 



Hautmont. Town of France. 

 In the dept. of Nord, it is 18 m. 

 E.S.E. of Valenciennes and 139 m. 

 from Paris. It has manufactures 

 of glass, pottery, etc. During the 

 Great War it was occupied by the 

 Germans. Pop. 15,000. 



Haut-Rhin. Former dept. of 

 France. Constituted with the 

 other depts. in 1790, Haut-Rhin 

 was annexed by Germany in 1.871, 

 except for the arrondissement of 

 Belfort, which became the Terri- 

 tory of Belfort (q.r.). Its capital 

 was Colmar, and under German 

 rule it formed the district of Upper 

 Alsace. This area was restored to 

 France by the treaty of Versailles, 

 1919. Area, 1,589 sq. m. See Alsace. 



Hatiy, REN JUST (1743-1822). 

 French mineralogist. Born in St. 

 Just, Oise, Feb. 28, 1743, he 

 was educated for the Church, but 

 while teaching in Paris he became 

 interested in mineralogy. In 1781 

 he discovered the geometric law of 

 crystallisation, and two years later 

 he was elected to the academy of 

 sciences. Becoming professor of 

 mineralogy at the museum of 

 natural history in Paris, Hauy 

 made a magnificent collection of 

 crystals and wrote extensively on 

 the subject. In addition to his 

 works on crystallography, Hauy 

 took a prominent part in the intro- 

 duction of the metric system into 

 France. Among his best known 

 works are Traite de Mineralogie, 

 1801 ; Traite des caracteres phy- 

 siques des pierres precieuses, 1817 ; 

 and Traite de cristallographie, 

 1822. Hauy died June 3, 1822. 



Hatiyne. Mineral compound of 

 calcium, aluminium, and silica, 

 named after Rene Hauy, and a 

 constituent of those igneous rocks 

 which are rich in soda. It is found 

 in bright blue crystals and grains 

 in the lavas of Vesuvius and else- 

 where in Italy, Azores, Canary, 



Havana. Plan of the capital city of Cuba, with the 

 entrance to the harbour and the quays 



and Cape Verde Islands, and parts 

 of the United States. Haviyne is 

 one of the sodalite group of mine- 

 rals, of which lapis lazuli is the 

 best known member. 



Havana (Span., La Habana). 

 Largest city of the W. Indies. The 

 capital of Cuba, it is situated on 

 the N. coast, on one of two penin- 

 sulas forming the harbour, and is 

 a busy commercial centre. It has 

 an excellent rly. service, being 

 linked up with all the chief towns 

 on the island. The bay of Havana 

 is one of the securest harbours in 

 the world. It receives the outflow of 

 a number of small streams, and 

 is divided into several small bays. 



Havana consists of old and new 

 towns. The former lies within the 

 limits of the old walls, built be- 

 tween 1671 and 1740, and almost 

 wholly dismantled between 1863 

 and 1880, and is narrow and 

 cramped. The new town is built 

 on more spacious lines, and gener- 

 ally presents a clean and ordered 

 appearance, with fine promenades, 

 squares, and streets, some of them 

 lined with trees. El Morro and the 

 Castillo del Principe belong to the 

 city's fortifications. 



The principal buildings include 

 the cathedral, completed 1724, in 

 which the remains of Columbus 



reposed before 

 their transference 

 to Spain in 1 898 ; 

 the university, the 

 Jesuit College de 

 Belen , t he m assi ve 

 Tacon orNacional 

 Theatre, the old 

 palace in which 

 the president 

 resides, the opera 

 house, the bis- 

 hop's palace, the 

 admiralty, and 

 the national lib- 

 rary, housed in the 

 Maestranza, the 

 former arsenal. 

 The Prado is a 

 wide promenade, fashionably fre- 

 quented. 



The staple industry of Havana 

 is the manufacture of cigars and 

 tobacco. Sugar is also produced 

 in large quantities, and other manu- 

 factures include barrels and cases 

 for the cigar and tobacco supplies, 

 and carriages, wagons, and ma- 

 chinery. These, with oil, rum, 

 honey* wax, and fruit, are the chief 

 articles exported, the imports con- 

 sisting mainly of grain, flour, food- 

 stuffs, and cotton. The total value 

 of the foreign trade exceeds 

 27,000,000 a year. Pop. 360,500. 

 Founded in 1515 on the S. coast, 

 Havana was removed to its present 

 site in 1519, when it was known as 

 San Cristobal de la Habana or 

 Savanna. It frequently suffered at 

 the hands of pirate in the 10th 



Havana. 



View of the city from Cabaaa, looking over the entrance to the 

 harbour. Top right, one qf the maiq streets 



