HAVERSACK 



of navigation, 32 m. N. of Boston, 

 and is served by the Boston and 

 Maine Rly. An important indus- 

 trial town, it has large boot and 

 shoe factories, and also manufac- 

 tures woollen hats, leather, bricks, 

 nails, slippers, and boot and shoe 

 machinery. Settled in 1640, 

 Haverhill was incorporated in 

 1645, and received a city charter 

 in 1869. Pop. 49,180. 



Haversack (Ger. hafer, uats). 

 An oatsack or nosebag. Haver 

 remains a common provincialism 

 for oats inScot- 

 land, especially 

 in the co ra- 

 pounds haver- 

 m e a 1 and 

 h a verc akes. 

 Haversack i s 

 used especially 

 of the small 

 canvas bag in 

 which soldiers 

 carry their 

 1 -- rations and per- 



Haversack as used n pffpofq 



intheBrm^n.y In tL Bh 

 army it is carried at the left side, 

 either suspended from the belt or 

 from a shoulder sling, the latter 

 worn under the belt. 



Haversian Canals. Minute 

 canals, running lengthwise through 

 bones, containing blood - vessels. 

 They are named after an English 

 physician, Clopton Havers (c. 

 1650-1702). 



Haverstock Hill. London tho 

 roughfare. It connects Chalk Farm 

 with Rosslyn Hill, Hampstead. 

 Belsize Park station on the Hamp- 

 stead (Tube) Rly. is here ; Haver- 

 stock Hill station on the Mid. and 

 G.E. Rlys. is at Lismore Circus on 

 the E. Near Belsize Park station is 

 Hampstead town hall, built in 1877. 

 Sec Hampstead. 



m 



3878 



Havildar (Pers.). Native non- 

 commissioned officer in the infan- 

 try and artillery of the Indian 

 army. In rank he is equivalent to a 

 serjeant ; he may be promoted to 

 havildar major. The corresponding 

 rank in the cavalry is dafadar. 



Havre OR LE HAVRE. Seaport 

 town of France, chief town of the 

 dept. of Seine Inferieure It lies on 

 the N. bank of the 

 Seine estuary, 49 

 m. W. of Rouen, 

 and 143m. byrly. 

 from Paris, with 

 which it is con- 

 nected by the 

 main Etat line. 

 The town itself is 

 almost entirely 



Havre arms 



modern, and, though well laid-out, 

 with broad main streets running E. 

 and W., has few features of interest. 

 The hotel de ville is a handsome 

 modern building in French Renais- 

 sance style, as also is the Exchange; 

 the museum and library (1845) con- 

 tain some interesting pictures, and 

 other public buildings are a natural 

 history museum, several lycees, 

 commercial and technical schools, 

 a theatre, palais de justice, prison, 

 and the large Kleber barracks. 



The principal church is that of 

 Notre Dame, built originally 1575- 

 1600. The large rly. station has 



Ihe town ana sen uom, wuu me mouth oi the Seine. 

 ridge across the commercia narbonr leadin? to the B 



Top right. 



HAWAII 



extensive goods yards, and all the 

 principal quays and dock ware- 

 houses are connected by rly. 

 Havre has important engineering 

 works, shipbuilding yards, oil re- 

 fineries, chemical and dye works, 

 a state tobacco manufactory, and 

 many miscellaneous industries. 



Havre is one of the greatest of 

 French seaports, the main centre 

 of trade with N. America, and the 

 docks are extensive and well con- 

 structed. The daily steamer from 

 Southampton comes into the outer 

 harbour, out of which, to the N., 

 opens the 17th century Bassin du 

 Roi. The chief dock of the inner 

 harbour is the Bassin de 1'Eure, 

 1846-56, with an area of over 70 

 acres, used by the liners of the 

 Compagnie Generale Transatlan- 

 tique ; the Bassins Vauban and 

 Bellot are also notable. The main 

 block of warehouses covers about 

 60 acres. Large improvements and 

 extensions were interrupted by the 

 Great War, but continued in 1919. 

 The chief trade, normally, is in 

 coal, cotton, cereals, woods, sugar, 

 coffee, and cocoa. Pop. 136,159. 



Louis XII founded the chapel of 

 Notre Dame de Grace in 1509, 

 whence came the town's old name 

 of Havre-de-Grace. Fortifications 

 were built and the harbour en- 

 larged by Francis I, 1516, with a 

 ; view to English 

 i wars, but it was 

 'i handed over to 

 .;; Elizabeth by 

 Conde, 1562. Re- 

 covered in 15C-3, it 

 was developed by 

 Richelieu and Col- 

 bert, and iu time 

 became a serious 

 rival to the English 

 ports. 



During the Great 

 War, Havre was a 

 base of the Brit- 

 ish Expeditionary 

 Force and engin- 

 eering stores depot, crowded with 

 military works, the port thronged 

 with shipping. In 1916 the total 

 tonnage disembarked and loaded 

 was 6,422,219, as compared with 

 3,668,414 in 1913. Havre was the 

 seat of the Belgian government 

 from Oct., 1914, to Nov. 1918. 



Hawaii OR OWYHEE. Southern- 

 most and largest of the Hawaiian 

 Islands. Largely volcanic, it is 

 barren to the W. and clad with 

 vegetation on the E., the interior 

 alternating between productive 

 valleys and lava-covered districts. 

 Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa are two 

 of the greatest active volcanoes in 

 the world. The island, well wooded 

 produces large quantities of sugar 

 and also coffee, fruit, rice, etc. Hik 

 - the capital Pop 70.000. 



