HAWARA 



and Americans most of the influen- 

 tial positions are held. Leprosy 

 and tuberculosis have largely re- 

 duced the native race, and both 

 diseases are the subject of constant 

 medical attention. In 1865 a leper 

 settlement was established on 

 Molokai island. 



Reliable history of the Hawaiian 

 Islands dates from their discovery 

 or rediscovery in 1778 by Captain 

 Cook, who was killed by natives in 

 Kealakekua Bay the following 

 year. It is, however, generally ac- 

 cepted that they were visited by 

 Gaetano in 1542 or 1555, while he 

 is thought to have been preceded 

 by survivors of a wrecked Spanish 

 vessel in 1527. The islands were 

 ruled by native kings down to 1891, 

 then by Liliuokalani (1838-1917), 

 the sister of the last monarch. She 

 was deposed in 1893, and a pro- 

 visional government was formed, 

 the islands being constituted a re- 

 public the following year. In 1898 

 they were formally annexed by the 

 U.S.A., and in 1900 were organized 

 as a territory. 



Ha war a. Village of Upper 

 Egypt, 6 m. S.E. of Medina, in the 

 Fayum. A mud-brick pyramid, 

 once limestone -cased, was identi- 

 fied by Petrie in 1888 as that of 

 Amenemhat III of the Xllth dy- 

 nasty. The adjacent funerary tem- 

 ple was the Labyrinth described by 

 Herodotus. Some tombs dated 

 A.D. 100-250, of the Roman period, 

 yielded mummy-portraits on can- 

 vas or wood, the finest being now 

 in the National Gallery, London. 



Ha war den. Parish and market 

 town of Flintshire, Wales. It 

 stands on a tributary of the Dee, 

 6 m. W.S. W. of Chester, with a sta- 

 tion on the G.C. Rly. There are 

 remains of a 13th century castle, 

 close to which is the modern 

 Hawarden Castle, long the resi- 

 dence of W. E. Gladstone. The 

 church, dedicated to S. Deiniol, has 

 memorials to the Gladstones, and 

 here are a 17th century grammar 

 school and S. Deiniol's Hostel for 

 theological students founded by 

 Gladstone. The old castle was long 

 the seat of the Stanleys. In the 

 17th century it came to John 

 Glynne, the lord chief justice. In 

 1752 one of his descendants built 

 the new castle and in 1874 this 

 passed, on the death of her brother, 

 Sir Stephen Glynne, Bart., to Mrs. 

 Gladstone. The estate is still the 

 property of the Gladstone family. 

 Coal mines have been opened on 

 it. The Welsh name is Penarlag. 

 Pop. 5,400. Pron. Harden. See 

 Gladstone. 



Haweis, HUGH REGINALD (1838- 

 1901). British author and preacher. 

 He was born at Egham, Surrey, 

 April 3, 1838, and educated at 



Trinity College, 

 Cambridge. Hav- 

 ing taken orders, 

 he became incum- 

 bent of S. James's, 

 M a r y 1 e bone, in 

 1866, where he be- 

 came known as a 

 vigorous and elo- 

 quent if somewhat 

 sensational preach- 

 er. He was pas- 

 sionately devoted 

 to music, and will 

 be chiefly remem- 

 bered by his stim- 

 ulating works on 

 musical subjects, 

 of which the best known are 

 Music and Morals, 1871, My Musi- 



Haweswater, Westmorland. Ttte lake looking south from 

 Measand Beck. In the distance is Barter Fell 



English lakes. It is about 2 m. 

 long. In 1918 Ha wes water was 



cal Life, 1884, and Old Violins, purchased by the city of Man- 



He also wrote on theo- 

 logical sub- 

 jects, and was 

 enormously 

 popular as lec- 

 turer. His hymn 



achieved 

 popularity. 

 He died in Lon- 

 don, Jan. 29, 

 1901. 



Hawera. Town of North Island, 

 New Zealand. It is 45 m. by rly. 



H. R. Haweis, 

 British author 



Downey 



Chester, the intention being to 

 use it, in connexion with Thirl- 

 mere, to supply that city with 

 water. 



Hawfinch (Coccothraustes vul- 

 gar is). Bird of the finch family. 



The Homeland, closely related to the grosbeak. 



the Homeland Common in S. Europe, it is fre- 

 wide quently seen in England, though 

 rare in Scotland. It is about 7 ins. 

 long, and is a handsome bird, with 

 light-pinkish-brown breast, dark- 

 brown back, wings banded with 

 black, brown and white, large 

 yellowish-brown head, and large 



S.S.E. of New Plymouth, and is a blue beak. 



Ha wick. Mun. burgh and in- 

 dustrial town of Roxburghshire, 

 Scotland. It stands at the junc- 



53 m.S.E.of Edin- 

 burgh on the 



centre of dairying. Pop. 3,375. 



Ha wes. Market town of York- 

 shire (N.R. ). On the N.E. and Mid. 

 Rlys., it is 16 m. from Ley burn. It tion of the Slitrig 

 has a trade in dairy produce and with the Teviot, 

 there is a butter market. Market 

 day, Tues. Pop. 1,500. Ha wes 

 Junction is 6 m. away. An im- N . B . R . The 

 portant point on the Midland sys- church of S. Mary 

 tern, it was the scene of a terrible 

 railway accident, Dec. 24, 1910. 



Haweswater. Lake of West- 

 morland, England. It is 25 m. N. 

 of Kendal, and lies 700 ft. above 

 sea level, being the highest of the 



Hawick arms 

 Among the an- 



Hawick, Roxburghshire. High Street, witn tae statue 

 commemorating the capture of an English standard by 

 the Hawick callants after Flodden Field. Unveiled, 1914 



Valentine 



(1763) occupies 



the site of a former 



church of that 



name erected in 



the 13th century. 



tiquities of Hawick are the Moat, 

 an earthen mound 

 30 ft. high and 

 310 ft. in circum- 

 ference, and a por- 

 tion of the Tower 

 Hotel, formerly 

 the peel-tower of 

 the Drumlanrig 

 Douglases, the only 

 building which 

 escaped the devas- 

 t a t i o n wrought 

 by the earl of Sus- 

 sex in 1570. 



In the neighbour- 

 hood are Branx- 

 holme and Harden, 

 old residences of 

 the Scotts, the 

 first named the 

 scene of Scott's 

 Lay of the Last 



