HAWK 



3881 



HAWK EAGLE 



Minstrel. The annual festival, 

 known as 'the "common riding," 

 has been continuously celebrated 

 for upwards of 300 years. The 

 hosiery and woollen manufactures 

 are important, and a noted live- 

 stock market is held. Market day, 

 Thurs. The Hawick Burghs form- 

 erly returned an M.P., but they are 

 now merged into the county of 

 Roxburgh. Pop. 18,000. Pron. 

 Haw-ick. ; 



Hawk.' Popular name for all 

 birds of prey that are not eagles, 

 vultures, or owls. The term is 

 vague and unscientific and should 

 be restricted to some nine genera, 

 which include the sparrow-hawks, 

 goshawks, and harriers. The com- 

 mon kestrel is not a hawk, but a 

 falcon. See Caracara. 



Hawkbit (Leontodon). Genus ot 

 perennial herbs of the natural order 

 Compositae. natives of Europe 



Hawkbit. Foliage and Sowers of 

 Leontodon autumnalis 



and W. Asia. In general appear- 

 ance they are much like small 

 dandelions, for which they are 

 often mistaken. They have milky 

 juice, narrow and boldly toothed 

 leaves all springing from the root- 

 stock. The flower-heads are yel- 

 low, and all the florets are strap- 

 shaped, as in the dandelion. The 

 hairs of the fruit-parachute are 

 feathered. The common hawkbit 



(L. hispidus) is 

 bristly all over , 

 the autumnal 

 hawkbit (L. au- 

 tumnalis) is 

 smooth or nearly 

 so. 



Ha wke. British 

 cruiser. She was 

 torpedoed and 

 sunk by the Ger- 

 m a n submarine 

 U 9 on Oct. 15 

 1914, off the E 

 coast of Scotland, 

 Capt. H. P. E. 

 Williams, 25 othei 

 officers, and 499 

 men being lost. 

 The attacking 

 submarine drove 



more or less 



off several vessels that endeavoured 

 to pick up men clinging to wreckage, 

 who thus died of exhaustion. The 

 Hawke was launched at Chatham in 

 1891 and completed in 1893, her 

 tonnage being 7,350, and armament 

 two 9-2-in. and ten 6-in. guns. 

 Soon after her loss all similar ships 

 were withdrawn from the patrol 

 and replaced by armed liners. 



Hawke, EDWARD HAWKE, IST 

 BARON (1705-81). British sailor. 

 Born in London, he entered the 

 navy in 1720. 

 He served in 

 N. America 

 and the West 

 Indies until 

 1727, becom- 

 ing command- 

 er in 1733. 

 Six years later 

 he command- 

 ed the Port- 

 land off Bar- 

 bados and N. 

 America, and 

 in 1743 was 

 promoted t o 



After S.COUS.S.A. ^ Berwick> 



in which he sailed to the Mediter- 

 ranean, and took part in the battle 

 off Toulon, 1744. 



In command of a squadron off 

 LJshant and Finisterre, Hawke 

 defeated a French squadron and 

 was knighted for his services. 

 Elected M.P. for Portsmouth in 

 1747, he was promoted vice- 

 admiral in 1748 and commanded 

 the home fleet until 1755, when he 

 became commander-in-chief -at 

 Portsmouth. In 1756 he super- 

 seded Admiral Byng in the Medi- 

 terranean, but was too late to avert 

 the loss of Minorca. 



His great exploit was in 1759, 

 when, blockading Brest for some 

 months, he utterly defeated the 

 French admiral de Conflans in 

 Quiberon Bay in a battle acknow 

 ledged to have been the greatest 

 naval victory since the Armada. 

 It crushed French naval power and 

 prevented anv possibility of an 



if 1 



jfcj*-- 



invasion. He was first lord of the 

 admiralty 1766-71, admiral of the 

 fleet, 1768, and was made a baron 

 in 1776. He died at Sunbury, 

 Oct. 17, 1781. His son, Martin 

 Bladen, succeeded to the baronj 7 , 

 which passed down to the present 

 holder. See Life, M. Burrows, 1883. 



Hawke, MARTIN BLADEN HAWKE, 

 7TH BARON (b. 1860). English 

 cricketer The eld^t son of tho 

 6th baron, who 

 was a clergy- 

 man, he was 

 born Aug. 16. 

 1860. Edu- 

 cated at Eton 

 and Magdalene 

 College, Cam- 

 bridge, he 

 played cricket 

 for both school 

 and university. 

 In 1881 he 

 played first for Yorkshire, and in 

 1883 was made captain of the 

 county team, his captaincy lasting 

 until 1910. During that time 

 Yorkshire won the county cham- 

 pionship eight times, Hawke scor- 

 ing in all over 13,000 runs. He 

 took out cricket teams to America 

 in 1891 and 1894 ; India, 1892-93 ; 

 and South Africa, 1895-96. 



Hawk Eagle. Term variously 

 used to include certain genera of 

 birds of prey which are placed 



Lord Hawke, 

 English cricketer 



Russell 



m 





H.M.S. Hawke. British cruiser torpecK 



the Scottish coast, Oct. 15, 1914 



Cribb, Southsea 



Hawk Eagle. Nisaetus Jasciatus, 

 found on the Mediterranean coast 



between the sea eagles and the true 

 eagles. It is better, however, to 

 restrict it to the genus Nisaetus, 

 which comes nearest to the true 

 eagles. The hawk eagles, of which 

 there are several species, are found 

 in S. Europe, Africa, India, and 

 Australasia. Bonelli's hawk eagle 

 (N. fasciatus) is often found about 

 the Mediterranean, and is known in 

 India as the peacock-killer. It is 

 extremely destructive in the 

 poultry yard. The booted hawk 

 eagle (N. pennatus) is no larger 



