HAWKER 



3882 



HAWKING 



than a kite, and has a similar range 

 It commonly breeds in Spain 

 where it is very troublesome to 

 the owners of pigeons. 



Hawker. Itinerant dealer 01 

 vendor. In law, a hawker is dis 

 tinguished from a pedlar as one 

 who conveys his goods by horse 

 or other beast, whereas the pedlai 

 conveys his goods on foot. Hawkers 

 and pedlars must take out licences 

 for their respective trades, the 

 former costing 2, the latter 5s. 



Hawker, HARRY GEORGE (1891- 

 1921). British airman. Born in 

 Australia, he was taught to fly 

 at Brook- 

 iands, gained 

 his pilot's cer- 

 t i f i c a t e in 

 1911, and soon 

 became a 

 noted figure in 

 aviation. He 

 made a Brit- 

 ish record for 

 height (12,900 

 ft. ) in June, 

 1913, following this up by estab- 

 lishing a British duration flight 

 record (8 hrs. 23 mins. ), and world's 

 record tor altitude with three 

 passengers. In Aug., 1913, he flew 

 1,040 ra. in The Daily Mail 5,000 

 All -British and waterplane race 

 round British Isles, receiving 1,000 

 from that newspaper. He gained 

 the British height record for a 

 pilot alone in 1915, and in April, 

 1916, made a world's record for 

 height (24,408 ft.) at Brooklands. 



In May, 1919, he competed for 

 The Daily Mail 10,000 prize for a 

 trans-Atlantic flight, and was the 

 first British competitor to start 

 Along with Commander K. Mac 

 kenzie Grieve, on a Sopwith 

 machine, he left St. John's, New- 

 foundland, in bad weather. When 

 halfway across, the aeroplane was 

 forced to descend through a defect 

 in a pipe. The two airmen were 

 rescued by a Danish steamer and 

 landed in Scotland. They were 

 awarded a consolation prize of 

 '5,000 by The Daily Mail. In June. 

 1919, Hawker and Grieve published 

 a record of their experiences 

 entitled Our Atlantic Attempt. He 

 was killed while flying, July 12, 

 1921. See Atlantic Flight 



Hawker, ROBERT STEPHEN (1803- 

 75) British poet and antiquary 

 He was born at Stoke Damerel. 

 Devonshire, Dec. 3, 1803, and 

 educated at Pembroke College 

 Oxford, where he won the Newdi 

 gate prize for a poem on Pompeii 

 in 1827. He was vicar of Morwen 

 stow, Cornwall, 1834-75. His best 

 known poems are The Quest of the 

 ISangraa! and Cornish Ballads 

 Much controversy arose sound the 

 question whether the well-known 



refrain And 

 shall Trelaw- 

 n e y die?' 

 etc., of the 

 ballad Trelaw 

 ne}' was really 

 as he averred 

 sung by the 

 miners in the 

 days of the 

 trial of the 

 seven bishops. 

 Hawkei also wrote on local anti- 

 quarian topics. He died at Ply- 

 mouth, Aug. 15,1875. See The Life 

 and Letters of R. S. Hawker, C. E 

 Byles, 1905. 



Hawke's Bay. Provincial dist. 

 in North Island, New Zealand It 

 has a seaboard of 300 m. and area 

 of 4,241 sq. m. Ruahine and other 

 mountains form a continuous 

 range along its length, and their 

 peaks, 3,000 to 6,000 ft. in height, 

 are snow-clad in winter. Mostly 

 broken forest country, its chief 

 industry is timber, but sheep- 

 grazing is also extensively followed. 

 Its chief ports are Napier and 

 Gisborne ; Hastings, Dannevirke, 

 and Woodville are important 

 towns on the main line to Welling 

 ton. Pop.54, 267. exclusiveof Maoris. 

 Hawkesbury. River of New 

 South Wales. It is formed by the 

 junction of the Nepean and the 

 Grose, is 330 m. long, drains a 

 basin of 9,000 sq. m. in area, and 

 falls into Broken Bay, 25 m. N.N.E. 

 of Sydney. It is the chief of 

 the E. flowing rivers. A seven- 

 span girder bridge crosses the river 

 on the main line from Adelaide to 

 Brisbane. It is proposed to dam its 

 headstream, the Warraganda, to 

 provide irrigation and electric 

 power for the Sydney district. 



Hawking OR FALCONRY. The 

 art of hunting with trained hawks 

 or falcons One of the oldest and 



most universal ot sports, it was 

 known in China about 2000 B.C., 

 and is mentioned as prevalent in 

 Europe by Aristotle, Pliny, and 

 Martial. In Great Britain, hawking 

 was practised in Saxon times, as is 

 shown by various illustrated MSS 

 of the period in the British Mu 

 seum ; in the Bayeux tapestry (q.v. ) 

 Harold has a hawk upon his wrist 

 Always a royal and aristocratic 

 sport, hawking was probably at 

 the height of its popularity during 

 the reign of Elizabeth. Her chief 

 falconer was Sir Robert Sadler, 

 who trained hawks for his royal 

 mistress at Everley, Wiltshire 



The sport was a favourite theme 

 with early British writers. Dame 

 Juliana Berners's celebrated Book 

 of St. Albans contains a treatise on 

 Haukyng and Hunting, I486 . 

 George Turberville wrote The 

 Booke ot Faulconrie or Hauking 

 1575 ; and these were followed by 

 Simon Latham' s The Faulcon' s Lure 

 and Cure, 1615-18 , Edmund Bert's 

 An Approved Treatise on Hawks 

 and Hawking, 1619; and Richard 

 Blome's The Gentleman's Recrea 

 tion, 1686. 



The hawks employed are ot two 

 groups, the long-winged and the 

 short-winged, the former being 

 termed " hawks of the lure," and 

 the latter " hawks of the fist.' 

 The long-winged comprise the 

 peregrine, the northern falcon, 

 and the Iceland and Greenland 

 varieties , the short-winged con- 

 sist of the goshawk and sparrow- 

 hawk. The birds should be taken 

 for training when they are just 

 fledged but have not left the nest. 

 The female bird, being the larger, 

 is invariably chosen. 



The several implements used in 

 the confining and training of 

 hawks are the hood, jesses, bells, 

 ^e lure, blocks, and the cadsre. The 



tiawKiug. 

 bood. 5. 



i. (iosiiawk <i. Sparrow-uawa. i. iceiana Jei-mcon. -. a Jan 

 Rufter hood. 6. Claw with jess and bell. 7. Peregrine falcon with 

 Dutch hood, bells, and jesses as carried on glove 



