HAWKINS 



3883 



HAWK MOTH 



hood is the principal means by 

 which a hawk is controlled, and 

 a bird once thoroughly accustomed 

 to wear it can be taken anywhere 

 and handled quite easily, always 

 remaining at rest when hooded. 

 Jesses are two short strips ot 

 leather placed round the hawk's 

 legs, to which the leash, by which 

 the bird is held, is attached. Bells 

 are affixed, one to each leg, just 

 above the jess ; and are of great 

 assistance in locating the hawk 

 when the quarry has been killed 

 out of sight. 



The lure also plays an important 

 part. A good lure can be made of a 

 horseshoe well padded and covered 

 with leather. This is in turn cover 

 ed with the wings of a wild duck, 

 and strings are attached, to which 

 the meat, constituting the bird's 

 food, is tied. The lure serves the 

 double purpose of familiarising the 

 bird to its prey and accustoming 

 it to come to hand readily The 

 falconer wears a leather glove, for 

 protection from the hawk's claws, 

 upon his left hand when the bird 

 is resting upon it. European fal- 

 coners always carry the hawk on 

 their left hand ; in the East it is 

 carried on the right. 



Blocks are portions ot tree 

 trunks firmly fixed in the ground, 

 upon which the hawks oit when at 

 rest and to which they are secured 

 by the leash. The cadge consists of 

 four pieces of wood, padded and 

 fixed together in the form of an 

 oblong frame, on which the birds 

 perch when being carried from one 

 place to another. Hawks are 

 trained to kill various kinds of 

 game, such as grouse, partridges, 

 and woodcocks, and occasionally 

 hares and rabbits. A good dog is 

 also essential to assist in starting 

 and retrieving the game. 



Bibliography. A Treatise upon 

 Falconry, J. C. Belany, 1841 ; Fal- 

 conry ; its claims, history and prac- 

 tice, G. E. Freeman and V. H. Salvin, 

 1 859 ; Practical Falconry, G. E. Free- 

 man, 1869 ; Falconry in the British 

 Isles, F. H. Salvin and W. Brodrick, 

 1873 : Hints on the Management of 

 Hawks, J. E. Harting, 1884; The 

 Art and Practice of Hawking, E. B. 

 Michell, 1900 ; the article on Fal- 

 conry by Gerald Lascelles in the 

 Badminton series : Bibliotheca Ac- 

 cipitraria, J. E. Harting, 1891, with 

 a polyglot bibliography. 



Hawkins. British light cruiser, 

 designed during the Great War and 

 completed in 1919. Built at Chat- 

 ham, her length is 563 ft., tonnage 

 9,750, and engine power 60,000 h.p. 

 giving an estimated speed of 30 

 knots, which was exceeded on 

 trials. She carries seven 7 '5-inch 

 and eight 3-inch guns. The Haw- 

 kins is oil- burning, and cost about 

 750,000. She is the first British 

 warship to be fitted with a recrea- 



tion room lor the -crew, barber's 

 shops, etc. She served .her maiden 

 commission as flagship of the China 

 squadron. Sister ships to the 

 Hawkins are the Effingham, Fro 

 bisher, Raleigh, and Vindictive. 



Hawkins OR HAWKYNS, SIR 

 JOHN (1532-95). English sailor. 

 Second son of William Hawkins, a 

 sea captain, he 

 was born at 

 Plymouth and 

 was admitted 

 I a freeman of 

 i that city in 

 ! 1556. Until 

 J 1561 he was 

 " '*i,#- - : ' '! engaged in 



^aJflaHfeu , voyages to the 



Sir John Hawkins Canary Is 

 English sailor landg . In 1562 , 



From an old print m ,c Omman( l o f 



three vessels, he sailed to Sierra 

 Leone, seized 300 negroes, and 

 shipped them to Hispaniola, where 

 he exchanged them for mer- 

 chandise, which he brought to Eng- 

 land and sold to great advantage. 

 Backed by persons of influence, he 

 sailed again from Plymouth, on the 

 Jesus of Liibeck, with three other 

 vessels, in 1564, obtained another 

 cargo of negroes and transported 

 them to Venezuela, where, after 

 some difficulty, he disposed of 

 them to the Spaniards. 



The success of these voyages 

 induced Hawkins to fit out another 

 expedition in 1567, and he sailed 

 on the Jesus with five other vessels, 

 one of which, the Judith, was com- 

 manded by Francis Drake (q.v.). 

 At Sierra Leone he plundered Por- 

 tuguese vessels of a vast sum of 

 money and goods, and with a cargo 

 of 500 negroes crossed to S. America, 

 trafficked with the Spaniards, and 

 was finally driven by bad weather 

 into the Mexican port of Vera Cruz. 



The arrival of a Spanish fleet 

 caused friction with the English, 

 which soon developed into a fight, in 

 which Hawkins lost the greater 

 part of his treasure, and saved but 

 two boats, in which, after great 

 hardships, he reached England. He 



H.M.S. HawKins, 



bntisn oil-Durning 

 completed in 1919 



Cribb, Sowthsea 



had left many ot hib shipmates in 

 the hands of the Spaniards, but by 

 a curious piece of cunning, in which 

 he was seconded by Burghley (q,v.). 

 he secured their release, and at the 

 same time was offered a bribe o; 

 40,000 from the king of Spam t< 

 enter his service. He accepted tin 

 bribe but remained loyal to Eliza 

 beth. In 1572 he was M.P. for Ply 

 mouth and became treasurer and 

 comptroller of the navy, using hi.~ 

 knowledge of seamanship to intro 

 duce many improvements. At tlu.- 

 time he entered into partnership in 

 a shipbuilding business with Rich 

 ard Chapman of Deptford, makine 

 thereby a fortune. 



On the coming of the Arrnada, 

 1588, Hawkins as rear-admiral 

 was in command of one of his own 

 vessels, the Victory, and did ex 

 cellent service, especially off the 

 Isle of Wight, for which he was 

 knighted on the deck of the Ark. 

 In 1590, together with Frobisher, 

 he undertook a cruise to Portugal ; 

 in 1592 he founded the Sir John 

 Hawkins Hospital at Chatham, and 

 in 1595, under the command ol 

 Drake, he sailed once again to the 

 Spanish Main, where he died ot 

 fever, off Puerto Rico, Nov 12 

 1595, and was buried at sea. 



Hawkins OR HAWKYNS, SIR 

 RICHARD (c. 15G2-1622). English 

 sailor. The only son of Sir John 

 Hawkins, he sailed to the W 

 Indies in 1582. Three years later 

 he was captain of the Duck in 

 Drake's expedition to the Spanish 

 Main and the coast of Florida. He 

 commanded the Swallow in thi/ 

 fight against the Armada, 1588. 

 and in 1593 set sail in the Dainty 

 for a voyage round the world. 



Passing the Straits of Magellan. 

 he plundered Valparaiso, 1594, and 

 later was caught in the bay of San 

 Mateo by two large Spanish gal 

 leons. After a fierce fight he was 

 overpowered and taken prisoner to 

 Lima, whence in 1597 he was sent 

 to Spain and kept captive until 

 1602. He was knighted in 1603 

 M.P tor Plymouth and vice-ad- 

 miral of Devon in 

 ] 1604. In 1620 he 

 : sailed under Sit 

 ] Robert Mansell as 

 I vice-admiral in the 

 i fleet sent against 

 I the corsairs ol 

 Algiers. He died 

 in London, April 

 17, 1622. 



Hawk Moth 

 Popular name for 

 the moths belong- 

 ing to the family 

 Sphingidae. They 

 have long, nar 

 row fore-wings, 

 and sm all hind 



light cruiser. 



