HAWK'S-BEARD 



3884 



HAWTHORN 



ones, and the antennae end in a 

 hook. They mainly fly in the 

 evening, and some species have a 

 habit of hover- 

 ing in the air. 

 Their caterpil- 

 lars are always 

 smooth, and 

 usually have a 

 horn - like pro- 

 cess on the 

 hindmost seg- 

 ment of the 

 body. About 

 ten species are 

 natives of 

 Great Britain, 

 among the best 

 known being the death's head 

 (Acherontia atropos), the privet and 

 the humming-bird hawk (Macro- 

 (jlossa stellatarum) moths. The last 

 is often mistaken for a humming- 

 bird, as it hovers before the flowers 

 and sips the nectar with its long 

 proboscis. See Death's Head Moth. 

 Hawk's-beard (Crepis capil- 

 laris). Small annual herb of the 

 natural order Compositae. It is a 



Hawk Moth. Sphinx 



ligustri, the privet 



hawk moth 



HawK's- beard. Lett, flower-Heads 



and florets ; right, toothed leaves 



growing from root 



native of Europe and the Canaries. 

 The leaves chiefly grow from the 

 root, with few bold teeth ; the stem 

 leaves are broader at the base, with 

 ears. The stem is branched, bear- 

 ing small yellow flower-heads with 

 the florets all strap-shaped. The 

 fruits have a parachute (pappus) 

 of un branched silky hairs. 



Hawkshaw, SIR JOHN (1811- 



91 ). British engineer. Of a York- 



shire yeoman family, he was edu- 



^^^^__^^^^ cated at Leeds 



I Grammar 



I School. After 



ifa i three years' 



i residence i n 



i Venezuela 



" -j'jL ; I (1831-34), he 



^^^h^HBfefcJ undertook 



I work in the 



^^ <"HMHi German rail- 



sir Jonn Hawkshaw. w 



British en sin eer 



many important undertakings, con- 

 structed the' Charing Cross and 

 Cannon Street stations and bridges, 

 and built the E. London Railway 

 and the tunnel under the Severn. 

 Made F.R.S. 1855, and knighted in 

 1873, in 1875 he was president of 

 the British Association. He died 

 June 2, 1891. 



Hawkshead. Town and parish 

 of Lancashire, England. It is pic- 

 turesquely situated in a valley be- 

 tween Windermere and Coniston, 

 and 2 m. N. of Esthwaite Water. 

 Its church, S. Michael's, mainly 

 Elizabethan, with some Norman 

 work, restored 1876, has an altar 

 tomb with effigies. In the gram- 

 mar school, founded by Archbishop 

 Sandys in 1585, the poet Words- 

 worth and his brother Christopher 

 were pupils. Pop. 975. 



Hawkstone. Parish of Shrop- 

 shire, England, 4 m. N.E. of Wem. 

 Hawkstone Park, once a seat of 

 Viscount Hill (q.v.), is situated 

 under the N. slope of the Hawk- 

 stone hills, in extensive and beauti- 

 ful grounds. The brick and stone 

 mansion, partly of the time of 

 Queen Anne, attracted the admira- 

 tion of Dr. Johnson, who visited 

 Hie place with the Thrales in 1774. 

 Hawkweed (Hieracium). Large 

 i^enus of perennial herbs of the 

 natural order Compositae. Natives 



London as a consulting engineer 

 in 1850, he was consulted on 



Hawkweed of the Mouse-ear variety. 

 Hieracium pilosella 



of the N. temperate and Arctic 

 regions, they have milky juice and 

 alternate leaves. The flower-heads 

 are yellow or orange with the florets 

 all strap-shaped. One of the best 

 known species is the mouse-ear 

 hawkweed (H. pilosella), common 

 on banks, with downy, lance-shaped 

 or spoon-shaped leaves and solitary 

 pale-yellow flower-heads. 



Hawkwood, SIB JOHN (d. 1394 ). 

 English soldier. His birth and 

 parentage are uncertain, but he 

 was probably a London apprentice. 

 He won fame in the wars of Edward 

 III, being made a knight. After 

 the peace of Bretigny, in 1360, he 

 became the captain of a band of 

 mercenaries, called the White Corn- 



Sir John Hawkwood, 

 English soldier 



pany, at the 



head of which 



he won his great 



reputation. He 



fought for 



whoever would 



pay for his 



services the 



Visconti, Pisa, 



and for and 



against the 



Pope. In 1375 



Florence bought his services, and, 



save for one or two intervals, 



he remained in that city's pay 



until his death. He died in Florence; 



later his remains were carried to 



England, and were probably buried 



at Castle Hedingham, in Essex. 



Ha worth. Village of Yorkshire, 

 England. It is situated in the West 

 Riding, 3J m. S. W. of Keighley, on a 

 branch line of the M.R. Its chief 

 associations are with the Brontes 

 (q.v.), and the Haworth Round 

 established by the Rev. William 

 Grimshaw, rector of Haworth, 

 1742-63, and incorporated with 

 Methodism, under John Wesley. 

 Ponden Hall, on the hill-top above 

 the village, is regarded as the ori- 

 ginal of Emily Bronte's Wuthering 

 Heights. The 14th century parish 

 church, of which Patrick Bronte was 

 curate, 1820-61, was, with the ex- 

 ception of the tower, rebuilt in 1879- 

 81. Here is the Bronte museum, 

 opened May, 1895. Pop. 6,505. 



Hawser (Fr. hausser, to raise). 

 Stout rope of hemp or wire used 

 aboard ship, and by tugs for tow- 

 ing purposes. The hawse (Ice- 

 landic hals, neck) holes are the 

 two large apertures at the bows of a 

 vessel through which hawsers and 

 anchor chains run. See Rope. 



Hawthorn, WHITETHORN OR 

 MAY (Crataegus oxyacanlha). Small 

 spiny tree of the natural order 

 Rosaceae. It is a native of Europe, 

 N. Africa, N. and W. Asia. The 

 leaves are wedge-shaped, variously 

 nit into lobes: flowers are white, 



Hawthorn. Spray of blossom 



in numerous clusters, fragrant, al- 

 most hiding the foliage by their 

 abundance. See Bud. 



