HAYNAU 



3889 



HAYWARD'S HEATH 



Baron Haynau, 

 Austrian soldier 



Haynau, JULIUS JAKOB, BARON 



VON (1786-1853). Austrian soldier. 

 A natural son of the elector, of 

 Hesse, William 

 IX, he was 

 born at Casse!, 

 Oct. 14, 1786. 

 Having entered 

 the Austrian 

 army, he saw 

 service in the 

 Napoleonic 

 Wars. In the 

 Italian c a m- 

 paigns of 1848- 

 49, in w hich he held a high command, 

 he became prominent for his flog- 

 ging of women at the taking of 

 Brescia, and for other atrocities. 

 In the Hungarian insurrection of 

 the same period he was in command 

 of the Austrian forces, and his con- 

 duct of the campaign, in which he 

 admittedly showed great military 

 talents, was again marred by ruth- 

 less ferocity. He decisively de- 

 feated the Hungarians near Temes- 

 var. In 1850 he came to London, 

 but his reputation had preceded 

 him, and he was badly mauled by 

 the draymen of Barclay and Per- 

 kins's brewery. He died at Vienna, 

 March 14, 1853. 



Hayne, ROBERT YOUNG (1791- 

 1839). American politician. Born 

 in Colleton county, S, Carolina, 

 Nov. 10, 1791, 

 he took part in 

 the war of 1812 

 against Great 

 Britain, and 

 was a member 

 of the U.S. 

 Senate, 1823- 

 32. He was a 

 pronounced 

 free trader 

 and u p- 



g h O 1 d 6 r of 



the doctrine of State Rights 

 that the Federal Government had 

 no right to interfere with the in- 

 ternal affairs of the individual 

 states. The debate on S. A. Foote's 

 resolution, Dec. 29, 1829, for re- 

 stricting the sale of public lands, 

 which in reality raised the question 

 of the relation between the govern- 

 ment and the states, led to the 

 famous passage of arms between 

 Hayne and Daniel Webster. 



Hayne maintained that the 

 government was a party to a com- 

 pact, and that any state had the 

 right to nullify the carrying out of 

 any government measure in its 

 territory if it considered such 

 measure to be an infringement of 

 the contract. The convention of 

 S. Carolina, Nov. 19, 1832, passed 

 the Ordinance of Nullification as a 

 protest against the tariff measures 

 passed by Congress, and threatened 

 secession if they were enforced. 



Civil war seemed likely, but the 

 matter was settled by a compromise. 

 Having resigned his seat in the 

 Senate, Hayne became governor of 

 S. Carolina. He died at Ashville, 

 N. Carolina, Sept. 24, 1839. See 

 Life, by his nephew, P. H. Hayne, 

 1878 ; R. Y. Hayne and his Times, 

 T. D. Jervey, 1909. 



Hay-Pauncefote Treaty. Agree- 

 ment concluded in 1901 between 

 John Hay, U.S. secretary of state, 

 and Lord Pauncefote, British am- 

 bassador at Washington. The 

 treaty was negotiated to replace the 

 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 1850 

 (q.v.). Its substance was that 

 Britain conceded to the U.S.A. 

 the sole right to construct, main- 

 tain, and police the canal across 

 the central American isthmus, 

 while the U.S.A. agreed that the 

 canal should be open to the ships 

 of all nations on equal terms. 



In view of this undertaking, 

 Great Britain was surprised when, 

 in 1911, Congress passed the 

 Panama Canal Act, exempting 

 American ships engaged in coast- 

 wise trade from canal dues. This 

 apparent departure from the 

 terms of the Hay-Pauncefote 

 Treaty was defended on the ground 

 that the clause providing for 

 equality of treatment of the ships 

 of all nations referred only to 

 foreign nations. Through the 

 influence of President Wilson, how- 

 ever, a more liberal view of the 

 clause was adopted, and in 1914 an 

 act repealed the exemption granted 

 to American coastwise traffic. 



Hayter, SIR GEORGE (1792-1871). 

 British artist. Born in London, 

 Dec. 17, 1792, he studied at the 

 R.A. schools, 

 After a brief 

 period at sea 

 and three 

 years' study in 

 Rome, he set- 

 tled down in 

 London to 

 portrait and 

 miniature 

 painting. His Sir George Hayter, 

 reputation was British artist 



already es- Self -portrait 



tablished when he was appointed 

 portrait and historical painter to 

 Victoria on her accession, 1837, 

 and in 1838 he exhibited at the 

 R.A., The Queen seated on the 

 Throne in the House of Lords, now 

 in the Guildhall, London. His 

 picture of the Coronation and the 

 Marriage are now in the royal 

 collection at Windsor. His appoint- 

 ment in 1841 as principal painter 

 to the queen was followed next 

 year by a knighthood. His court 

 and historical pictures were ex- 

 hibited at the British Institute. He 

 died Jan. 18, 1871. See Clifden. 



Abraham Hayward, 

 , British essayist 



Hayward, ABRAHAM (1801-84). 

 British essayist. Born at Wilton, 

 Wiltshire, Nov. 22, 1801, and edu- 

 cated at Blun- 

 dell's School, 

 Tiverton, h e 

 was called to 

 the bar, but 

 never had 

 more than a 

 moderate prac- 

 tice, although 

 he founded, 

 and for many 

 years edited, 

 The Law Magazine. He was an 

 assiduous contributor to the peri- 

 odical press, on politics, social and 

 other topics, and an authority on 

 gastronomy. His Art of Dining 

 enjoyed great vogue ; also his own 

 dinners at the Temple, where he 

 was in the habit of entertaining 

 notable people. Hayward was a 

 brilliant conversationalist, and a 

 great whist player. He edited 

 Mrs. Piozzi's Autobiography, 1861, 

 and Diaries of a Lady of Quality, 

 1864. He died in London, Feb. 

 2, 1884. 



Hayward, TOM (b. 1871). Eng- 

 lish cricketer. Born at Cambridge, 

 March 29. 1871, he joined the 

 ground staff at 

 the Oval in 

 1891. He first 

 played cricket 

 for Surrey in 

 1893, and for 

 twenty years 

 was one of the 

 mainstays o f 

 the c o u n t y 

 team. His 

 best season 

 was 1906, 

 when he scored 

 3,518 runs, 

 and his highest 

 innings was 

 315 not out 

 against L a n- 

 cashire at the 

 Oval in 1898. 

 Three times 

 he made two 

 scores of over 

 100 each in a 

 single match, four of these cen- 

 turies being obtained in one week, 

 a record in first-class cricket. Alto- 

 gether he scored over 100 runs on 

 104 occasions. Hayward played 

 several times in test matches 

 against Australia. See Cricket. 



Hay ward's Heath. Urban 

 dist. and market town of Sussex, 

 England. It is 38 m. S. of London 

 on the L.B. & S.C. Rly. An im- 

 portant cattle market is held here. 

 The council maintains a public 

 hall and library, has erected council 

 offices and provided two parks. 

 Market day, Tues. Pop. 4,800. 



Tom Hayward, 

 English cricketer 



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