3890 



HAZLETON 



Hazara. Semi-nomad moun- 

 taineers between the upper Hel- 

 mund valley and the Hindu Kush, 

 in N. Afghanistan. Lowlier than 

 the more Persianised Aimak, on 

 the W., they are simple-minded, 

 priest-ridden,Mongolian ShiahMos- 

 lems, short, squat, robust, and scant 

 bearded. They furnish pioneer 

 companies to the Afghan and 

 Indian armies. Pron. Hazahra. 



Hazara. District of India, in the 

 N.W. Frontier Province. The dis- 

 trict contains extensive forests, and 

 the cultivated area is small. Maize, 

 wheat, and barley are the chief 

 crops. Mineral resources include 

 coal, limestone, building stone, 

 gypsum, and iron. It exports 

 grain and imports piece-goods, 

 indigo, salt, etc. Considerable 

 unrest occurred in 1920 among the 

 tribesmen, fostered by Afghan 

 agitators, leading to demonstra- 

 tions of disloyalty hi Hazara, and 

 to attacks by Black Mountain 

 tribesmen on the British military 

 camp at Oghi. Area, 3,062 sq. m. 



Hazard. Game played with a 

 pair of dice by any number of 

 persons. The first throw of the 

 person taking the box is a chance 

 for the other players, called a main, 

 which must be above 4, and not 

 exceeding nine. Consequently he 

 must continue throwing until he 

 produces 5, G, 7, 8, or 9. The 

 holder of the box then throws for 

 his own chance, which must be 

 above 3, and not exceeding 10. 

 Should he at the first throw produce 

 two aces, termed crabs, he loses his 

 stake, whatever the main may be. 

 After throwing the main and his 

 own chance, the caster continues 

 until one or the other is repeated. 



Should the main be 7, and the 

 caster throw 7 or 11 immediately 

 after, it is called a nick, and he 

 wins. If 8 be the main, and the 

 caster produces in the next throw 

 8 or 12, he scores a nick, and wins. 

 Similarly, 6 being the main, he 

 would also win on the nick by 

 throwing 6 or 12. 11 is crabs to 

 every other main but 7 ; and 12 is 

 crabs to all mains but 6 or 8. The 

 players place their money upon the 

 table, and the caster indicates 

 which particular person's stake he 

 is throwing against by knocking 

 the box on the table immediately 

 in front of it ; or, he may offer to 

 throw against all stakes laid within 

 a certain circle. 



Hazaribagh. Dist., subdiv., and 

 town of Bihar and Orissa, India, 

 in Chota Nagpur Division. It 

 has an area of 7,021 sq. m., of 

 which about one-third is under 

 cultivation, rice being the chief 

 crop. Hazaribagh is the* centre of a 

 considerable coal industry, Giridih 

 being one of the most important 



coalfields in the country, while the 

 Bokaro-Ramgarh field promises to 

 be of great importance. Exports 

 include coal and coke, while food 

 grains and cotton piece-goods are 

 imported. Hazaribagh town is 

 of little commercial importance. 

 Pop., dist., 1,288,600; town, 17,000. 



Haze. Low visibility of the 

 atmosphere, usually due to dust or 

 smoke. Haze is commonly ex- 

 perienced over most of the land 

 surfaces of low elevation, but is 

 rarely observed over the oceans 

 and on high mountains, as in these 

 regions the air is free from dust of 

 any kind. Fine particles of dust 

 carried from desert areas by the 

 wind, and the smoke from forest 

 fires or burning peat bogs, as well 

 as that due to factories, etc., often 

 cause a hazs which extends over 

 hundreds of square miles. Haze is 

 most commonly experienced during 

 spells of dry weather, because rain 

 washes dust from the air, which 

 is almost invariably clearer after 

 a shower. Haze due to these causes 

 must not be confused with the haze 

 due to a damp atmosphere which 

 is, in reality, an incipient fog. See 

 Atmosphere. 



Hazebrouck. Town of France, 

 capital of an arrondissement, in 

 the dept. of Nord. An important 

 rly. junction, it lies on the 

 canalised river Bourre, 32 m. 

 W.N.W. of Lille. Among its in- 

 dustries are tanning and flax 

 spinning, and the manufacture of 

 oil and soap. It was an important 

 strategic centre and railhead in the 

 Great War. The Germans shelled it 

 at the end of 1917 by a long-range 

 gun, and in April, 1918, it was 

 seriously threatened by the German 

 advance, and its civilian popula- 

 tion was evacuated. The town 

 was freed from danger of further 

 destruction by the German with- 

 drawal on to Armentieres in Sept., 

 1918. Pop. 12,500. 



Hazel (Corylus avellana). Large 

 shrub of the natural order Amen- 

 taceae. It is a native of Europe, N. 

 Africa, and temperate Asia. The 

 leaves are alternate in two rows, 

 roundish, with an unequal heart- 

 shaped base, doubly toothed. The 

 male flowers are in long, pendulous 

 catkins, formed in Sept., and 

 mature in Feb. ; the females re- 

 semble leaf-buds, with the crimson 

 thread-like styles protruding. The 

 fruit is a sweet, oily nut, enclosed 

 in ft woody shell, and this in a large, 

 leathery bract. Filberts, cob-nuts, 

 Barcelona, and Spanish nuts are 

 all varieties of this species. See Bud. 

 Hazel Grove. Urban dist., in 

 lull Hazel Grove and Bramhall, 

 of Cheshire, England. It is 2 m. 

 S.E. of Stockport, on the L. & N.W. 

 & Mid. Rlys. There are silk throw- 



Sir John D. Hazen, 

 Canadian politician 



Hazel. Leaves, nuts, catkins, and 

 female Sower 



ing and cotton industries. Stock- 

 port provides the district with 

 water and gas. Pop. 9,630. 



Hazen, SIR JOHN DOUGLAS (b. 

 1860). Canadian politician. Born 

 June 5, 1860, at Oromocto, New 

 Brunswick, he was educated at the 

 collegiate school, Fredericton, and 

 the provincial university. In 1883 

 lie became a banister, and began 

 to practise in 

 Fredericton, of 

 which city he 

 was mayor in 

 J889. In 1891 

 he was elected 

 to the Domi- 

 nion Parlia- 

 ment as Con- 

 servative 

 member for St. 

 John, but lost 

 *"" his seat in 



1896. He entered the legislature 

 of New Brunswick, and in 1899 was 

 chosen leader of the opposition. 



In 1908 his party was returned 

 to power, and he became prime 

 minister and attorney-general. In 

 1911 he was again elected to the 

 Dominion House of Commons, and 

 entered Borden's cabinet as min- 

 ister of marine and fisheries. In 

 1917 he resigned to become Canada's 

 permanent commissioner at Wash- 

 ington. In 1918 he was knighted, 

 and in 1919 was appointed chief 

 justice of Newfoundland. 



Hazleton. City of Pennsyl- 

 vania, U.S.A., in Luzerne co. Situ- 

 ated 1,630 ft. high, it is a popular 

 summer resort, 28 m. S.S.W. of 

 Wilkesbarre, on the Lehigh Valley 

 and other rlys. It contains a public 

 library, a high school, and a .state 

 hospital for miners. The centre of 

 one of the most valuable anthracite 

 regions in the U.S.A., it trades ex- 

 tensively in that mineral, and has 



