3892 



HE AD- DEFORM ATI ON 



by a ruin to the N. of Jerusalem 

 (Neh. xi, 33). The kingdom of 

 Hazor was a district in Arabia. It 

 is mentioned in Jeremiah (xlix, 28), 

 but little else is known about it. 



H.E. Abbrev. for His Excellency; 

 His Eminence ; High Explosive. 



Head. Part of the body of an 

 animal which contains the brain 

 and organs of special sense. The 

 head is divided by anatomists into 

 the face and the cranium, which 

 contains the brain and is covered 

 by the scalp. (See Brain ; Ear ; 

 Eye ; Face ; Scalp ; Skull.) 



The word has many other uses, 

 mostly derived from its main one. 

 Thus, the chief person in a society 

 is frequently known as the head, 

 this title being given to the chief 

 boy in a school or form ; the head- 

 master is frequently called simply 

 the head. It is used for the top or 

 end of anything, examples being 

 the head of a nail, the head on a 

 pot of beer, a head of water, the 

 head of a river. The head is that 

 side of a coin which bears the figure 

 of a head, while it is used as a 

 synonym for beasts, as in the 

 phrase 5,000 head of cattle. 



Head, SIR EDMUND WALKER 

 (1805-68). British administrator. 

 The son of Sir John Head, Bart., 

 he was edu- 

 1 cated at Win- 

 M j Chester and 



% \ Oriel College, 

 fW ! Oxford. For 

 __ ; some years he 

 ; was a tutor at 

 Oxford; he 

 was also called 

 to the bar. In 

 1838 he suc- 

 ceeded to the 

 baronetcy and 

 in 1841 en- 



Aflcr G. Richmond tered ^ ^j 



service as a poor law commissioner. 

 In 1847 he was made lieutenant- 

 governor of New Brunswick, and 

 from 1854-61 was governor-general 

 of Canada. On his return to 

 England he became a civil service 

 commissioner. Head, who died 

 Jan. 28, 1868, was also known as a 

 writer on art. 



Head, SIR FRANCIS BOND (1793- 

 1875). British administrator. Born 

 at Hermitage, near Rochester, Jan. 

 1, 1793, and 

 educated there 

 and at Wool- 

 wich, he was 

 gazetted into 

 the Royal En- 

 gineers in 1811. 

 Serving in the 

 Mediterranean 

 and through 



t h e Waterloo sir Frsfocis Head, 

 campaign, h e British administrator 

 retired from AfterN.cook 



the service in 1825, and on his re- 

 turn from a brief visit to S. America 

 wrote his Rough Notes of a Journey 

 in the Pampas and Andes. In 

 1835 he was appointed lieutenant- 

 governor of Upper Canada, where 

 his administration proved a con- 

 spicuous success. He resigned in 

 1837 and settled in England, where 

 he became a regular contributor to 

 The Quarterly Review. Made a 

 baronet in 1836, in 1867 he became 

 a privy councillor. He died at 

 Croydon, July 20, 1875. 



Head's elder brother, Sir George 

 Head (1782-1855), served for 

 many years in the commissariat 

 department of the army. He wrote 

 several books and, like his brother, 

 contributed much to The Quarterly 

 Review. He died May 2, 1855. 



Headache. Pain in the head. 

 It is a symptom of a large number 

 of pathological conditions. 



Arterio-sclerosis, thickening of 

 the coais of the arteries, is most 

 frequently found in men of middle 

 age and later, and is associated with 

 gouty tendencies, Blight's disease, 

 affections of the heart, and other 

 disorders. Treatment of headache 

 due to this disorder is to relieve the 

 underlying condition. 



In chronic dyspepsia the head- 

 ache is associated with furred 

 tongue, offensiveness of the breath, 

 constipation, and discomfort after 

 meald. In young girls the condition 

 is often associated also with chlor- 

 osis or simple anaemia. Treat- 

 ment of the underlying condition 

 will relieve the headache. 



Headache is also common in many 

 forms of nervous breakdown such as 

 neurasthenia, anxiety neurosis, and 

 shell shock. The headaches abate 



Migraine is a form ol severe 

 headache, the exact cause of which 

 is unknown. It may begin with 

 sensations of chilliness, and there 

 is often tingling in the fingers of 

 one hand. The vision may be 

 blurred, and there may be partial 

 blindness. Flashes of light are seen, 

 and there may be coloured zig-zag 

 lines of "fortification" figures as 

 they are termed. Dizziness some- 

 times occurs, while nausea and 

 vomiting are common. The dura- 

 tion of the attack varies, but 

 usually lasts from ,- 

 one to three p 

 days. Treatment [ 

 of any underlying j 

 bodily disorder is 

 important. Canna- 

 bis indica, anti- 

 febrin, and phen- 

 acetin may be ad- 

 ministered. 



another common cause of headache. 

 Treatment should be directed to- 

 wards providing suitable glasses. 

 Headaches also occur from tox- 

 aemia in fevers, such as typhoid, 

 malaria, influenza, tumours and dis- 

 eases of the brain, injuries to the 

 head, and affections of the ears and 

 nose. 



A simple headache, the result of 

 fatigue or overwork, may usually 

 be relieved by a moderate dose of 

 aspirin, after taking which the 

 patient should lie down for a couple 

 of hours. Frequently recurring 

 headaches indicate that there is 

 some constitutional cause which 

 should be remedied. 



Head-Deformation. Artificial 

 modification of the form of the 

 human skull. Widespread in 

 primitive society, the custom, 

 usually practised within the first 

 year of infancy, may have origin- 

 ated in the accidental flattening 

 of the back of the head by cradle- 

 boards with hard supports instead 

 of resilient pillows. Afterwards 

 perpetuated intentionally as a 

 tribal distinction, it developed two 

 types : forehead flattening by 

 head-boards, to emphasise the 

 broad-headed skull, and sugar- 

 loaf elongation by tight bandages, 

 to emphasise the long-headed skull. 

 Of these types, traceable among 

 the early ancestors of the Armeni- 

 ans and Kurds respectively, the 

 latter was characteristic of the 

 ancient Crimean peoples whom 

 Hippocrates called long-headed. 



These deformities, still practised 

 by Borneo Klemantans or land 

 Dyak and some Melanesians, were 



Errors of refrac- 

 tion leading t o 

 eye-strain are 



Head-Deformation. Board and bandage for moulding 



the shape of an infant's head, Borneo. Above, deformed 



head of a negro baby of the Algerian interior 



Ethnographical Collection, Sritith Museum 



