HEIDELBERG 



3916 



HEILSBRONN 



Heidelberg Catechism, THE. 

 Symbol and summary of the re- 

 formed evangelical faith, published 

 at Heidelberg, 1563. It was written 

 at the instigation of the elector 

 palatine, Frederick III, by Zach- 

 arias Ursinus (1534-83) and Cas- 

 par Olevianus (1536-87), with the 

 object of ending the conflict then 

 raging in the Palatinate between 

 Lutherans and Calvinists by setting 

 out the evangelical faith in terms 

 incapable of being misunderstood. 

 It contains 129 questions divided 

 into three parts, treating respec- 

 tively of man's sin and misery, of 

 his redemption by Christ, and of 

 the Christian life. Into these three 

 divisions the decalogue, the creed, 

 the Lord's prayer, and the doctrine 

 of the Church and the sacraments 

 are fitted as parts of an organic 

 system, making an easy and simple, 

 yet profound and comprehensive, 

 whole, unmatched by any other of 

 the Reformation catechisms. 



First issued Jan. 19, 1563, an 

 official Latin translation being 

 published the same year for use in 

 the higher seminaries and schools, 

 the Heidelberg Catechism, despite 

 opposition from the ultra-Luther- 

 ans, won its way into the hearts of 

 the Christian world. It was ap- 

 proved by the Synod of Dort in 

 1619, and has been translated into 

 all the languages of Europe, and 

 into Hebrew, Arabic, and Malay. 

 Moderate in its statement of 

 doctrine, free from metaphysical 

 subtlety, charged with a gracious 

 spirit, and expressed in language 

 of rhythmic beauty, it breathes an 

 undecaying life and remains one of 

 Germany's noblest national monu- 

 ments. 



Heidelberg Jaw. Fossil man- 

 dible of primitive man found by 

 Otto Schoetensack, in a sand-pit at 

 Mauer, near Heidelberg, in 1907. 

 From contiguous animal remains 

 it is inferred that the Heidelberg 

 race was later than the Piltdown, 

 and may have been a rude precur- 

 sor of the Neanderthal. See An- 

 thropology ; Ethnology ; Man. 



Heidenheim. Town of Ger- 

 many, in Wiirttemberg. It stands 

 on the Brenz, 22 m. N.N.E. of 

 Ulm. In ancient times a Roman 

 settlement, it lies at an alt. of 

 1,617 ft. to the E. of the Swabian 

 Alps, and is overlooked by the ruins 

 of the Schloss Hellenstein. Be- 

 coming a place of some importance 

 in the Middle Ages, it is now an in- 

 dustrial town, with manufactures of 

 textile goods, machinery, earthen- 

 ware, etc. Pop. 17,780. There is 

 a smaller town of the same name in 

 Bavaria, 21 m. S.S.E. of Anspach. 



Heidenstam, GAEL GUSTAF 

 VERNHER VON (b. 18,19). Swedish 

 poet and prose writer. At the age 



Vernher von Heiden- 

 stam, Swedish poet 



of 17 he went to Paris to study 

 art, but abandoning this as a pro- 

 fession, spent some years in travel. 

 On his return 

 to Sweden he 

 published his 

 first book, a 

 poem entitled 

 Wanderings 

 and Pilgrim- 

 ages, 1888, 

 which immedi- 

 ately secured 

 him recogni- 

 tion. The 

 poems were followed by prose 

 tales, sketches, brochures, and a 

 novel of life under Turkish rule in 

 Damascus, Endymion, 1889, glow- 

 ing with colour and romance. Hans 

 Alienus, 1892, is a remarkable book, 

 rich in original thought, expressed 

 in a new and beautiful form. 



Heidenstam then returned to 

 poetry in Poems, 1895, and after 

 some months in Russia published 

 his most popular work, The 

 Carolins, 1897, which consists of a 

 series of stories centred round 

 Charles XII, and counts among the 

 finest Swedish prose ever written 

 (Eng. trans. A King and his Cam- 

 paigners, 1902). This and other 

 historical books, notably The Pil- 



frimage of S. Bridget, and The 

 wedes and their Chieftains (Eng. 

 trans. 1909), are masterpieces of 

 their kind, and burn with the 

 author's love of his country. In 

 1916 Heidenstam was awarded the 

 Nobel Prize for literature. 



Heifer. Word of Anglo-Saxon 

 origin meaning a young cow. See 

 Cattle. 



Heikoutai. Town of Man- 

 churia. The battle fought here 

 during the Russo-Japanese War, 

 Jan. 16-27, 1905, is sometimes 

 called after it, but is more usually 

 known as San-de-Pu (q.v.). 



Heilbronn. Town of Germany, 

 in Wurttemberg. It stands on the 

 Neckar, 28 m. N. of Stuttgart, at 

 a height of 518 ft., and is half ringed 

 by hills commanding fine views, the 

 Schweinsberg (1,223ft.) giving an 

 extensive panorama of the Black 

 Forest, the Vosges, and other 

 ranges. It is a place of considerable 

 importance in trade and manu- 

 facture, but has also some historic 

 buildings and memories. Formerly 

 it was a free Imperial city. The 

 principal church is that of S. 

 Kilian, 13th to 15th century Gothic, 

 with a Renaissance tower, 200 ft. 

 high, built in 1527. S. Nicholas is 

 noted as the first church in which 

 a Protestant service was held in 

 Germany, 1525. Schiller lived for a 

 time in a house close by the church. 



Heilbronn is associated, partly 

 through Goethe's early tragedy, 

 with Gotz von Berlichingen, who 



Heilbronn, Germany. The church of 

 S. Kilian from the south-west 



ruled tyrannically from the old 

 Rathau-s, a Gothic building adapted 

 to the Renaissance style, and 

 restored in 1895. Down by the 

 river side is the Co'tzen-turm, where 

 Gotz was imprisoned. 



Manufactures include paper, 

 sugar, silver-ware, chemicals, etc., 

 while the surrounding district pro- 

 duces large quantities of wine. 

 Goods traffic with Mannheim is 

 carried on the Neckar by a system 

 of chain-towing. Pop. 42,688. 



Heil Dir Im Siege rkranz. 

 German national song: Hail to 

 thee with victory crowned. The 

 words were written, to the tune of 

 the English God Save the King, bv 

 Heinrich Harries, a Holstein pas- 

 tor, in honour of the king of Den- 

 mark, and were first published in 

 1790. A few years later it was 

 appropriated, after some adapta- 

 tion, by Prussia, and remained 

 Prussia's chief national anthem 

 until the Great War, when it was 

 discarded owing to the indisput- 

 ably British origin of the music. 



Heilsbronn. Town of Germany, 

 in Bavaria. It lies 16 m. by rly. 

 S.W. of Nuremberg. Its main 

 interest lies in its old connexion 

 with the Hohenzollerns, many of 

 the Franconian (Nuremberg) line 

 of the family having been buried 

 in the church of the once famous 

 Cistercian abbey. The three first 

 Brandenburg Hohenzollerns were 

 also buried here. In addition the 

 church contains many memorials of 

 the early Hohenzollerns, and some 

 fine altar-pieces of the Nuremberg 

 school. The building was com- 

 menced as a basilica in the 12th 

 century, Gothic additions being 

 made in the 13th and 15th cen- 

 turies. Pop. 1,366. 



