HEL.IODORUS 



3923 



HELIOGRAPH 



Stettin, Frauen- 

 lob, and Ariadne 

 supporting them. 

 The British 

 broke into the 

 destroyer cordon 

 and engaged 

 Frauenlob and 

 Stettin, which 

 came up to the 

 destroyers' a i d. 

 The German de- 

 stroyer V 187 was 

 disabled by the 

 British fire, and 

 had to be sunk 

 by her crew to 

 avoid capture. 

 Two British de- 

 stroyers were 

 damaged, and 

 Arethusa was hit 

 35 times by Frau- 

 e n 1 o b, with a 

 loss of 12 killed 

 and 20 wounded, 

 before she drove 

 the German 

 cruisers back. 



Heligoland. Chart illustrating the British and German 

 tactics in the battle of Aug. 28, 1914 



the information they supplied, the 

 British Admiralty determined to 

 carry out a sweep. The original 

 intention was to operate mainly 

 with light cruisers, destroyers, and 



About 8.30 

 a.m. Commodore 

 Goodenough's light cruisers ar- 

 rived and attacked further to the 

 west, but had to fall back owing 

 to danger from the British sub- 

 marines. Observing that the 



submarines, supporting them only British light craft were apparently 



with the 

 Invincible 



two 

 and 



battle 

 New 



cruisers, 

 Zealand, 



unsupported, the Germans made 

 an effort to cut them off. The 



against attack by the heavy Ger- German light cruisers Ariadne, 



Frauenlob, Strassburg, Stralsund, 

 Mainz, and Coin closed on the 



man ships. 



Fortunately Sir John Jellicoe, on 



learning of this plan, made " ur- vessels under the command of 

 gent representations as to the Tyrwhitt and Keyes, and the 

 necessity of supporting the force position became so serious that 



with battle cruisers " of Sir 

 Beatty's battle -cruiser squadron ; 

 and on Aug. 27, 1914, on his own 

 responsibility he ordered Sir D. 

 Beatty with the three other 

 available battle cruisers and Com- 

 modore Goodenough's 1st light 

 cruiser squadron to take part in 

 the operation. Of this aid most of 

 the other British vessels engaged 



Tyrwhitt signalled by wireless to 

 Beatty that he was hard pressed. 

 At this moment ships of the 1st 

 British light cruiser squadron re- 

 entered the fight and checked the 

 Germans. Birmingham and Not- 

 tingham concentrated a superior 

 fire on Mainz, which stopped her 

 attack. At 11 a.m. the battle 

 cruisers Lion, Queen Mary, Prin 



were not aware, and thus at first cess Royal, Invincible, and 

 they took Beatty's and Good- 

 enough's ships for enemies. 



Early in the morning of Aug. 28, 

 Commodore Tyrwhitt with the 

 light cruisers Arethusa and Fear- 

 less, and 33 destroyers, and Com- 

 modore R. Keyes with eight 

 submarines, searched the bight, x . 

 manoeuvring to cut off the Ger- opened fire 

 man light craft from their bases. 

 The Germans were completely sur- 

 prised, and it was low water, so 

 'hat their heavy ships in port 

 could not put to sea. Nine de- 



Nei 



Zealand "avoided a submarine at 

 tack (probably British submariner 

 were mistaken for German ones, 

 as all the U-boats in the area ol 

 operations are stated by the Ger 

 man official history to have been 

 in port), and, steaming at full 

 peed, sighted Mainz at 12.30 and 

 on her with crushing 

 her helpless and 



effect, leaving 



sinking. 



A little later Coin was sighted. 



and shelled till she burst into 



flame. At this point Ariadne in 



stroyers ot the 1st German flotilla tervened, and was left in shattered 

 were on guard, disposed in a semi- and sinking condition after two 

 circle about 20 m. from the Elbe salvoes from Lion. Coin was sighted 

 mouth, with the light cruisers Hela, a second time and sunk at 1.35 by 



two more salvoes from the same 

 ship, the whole of her crew perish- 

 ing except one stoker. From 

 Mainz the British rescued 350 men, 

 60 of them badly wounded. The 

 Germans saved most of Ariadne's 

 crew. The German loss was thus 

 3 light cruisers and 1 destroyer, 

 with 712 killed, 149 wounded, and 

 379 captured. The British casual- 

 ties were 31 killed and 52 wounded, 

 while Arethusa was much damaged 

 but was quickly repaired. 



The German official history 

 blames the defensive tactics of the 

 German main fleet for this severe 

 reverse, which, it states, produced 

 a bad moral effect in the German 

 navy ; it also criticises the British 

 dispositions. See Naval Operations 

 (Official), Sir J. Corbett, Vol. 1, 



1920. H. W. Wilson 



Heliodorus. Greek writer of 

 romance. Born at Emesa in Syria, 

 he was the author of Aethiopica, a 

 long love-story in ten books, the 

 beginning and the end of which are 

 laid in Ethiopia. Dealing with the 

 adventures of Theagenes and Chari- 

 clea, in plot and characterisation it 

 is the best of its kind and com- 

 mendably free from indecencies. 

 Erroneously attributed to Helio- 

 dorus, bishop of Tricca in Thessaly 

 (c. 490), it is probably the work 

 of a sophist who lived at the end of 

 the 3rd century A.D. 



Heliogabalus. Alternative name 

 of Elagabalus (q.v.), Roman em- 

 peror. 



Heliograph (Gr. helios, sun; 

 grapho, I write). Instrument con- 

 sisting of a mirror capable of re- 

 volution, and so of reflecting the 

 rays of the sun or of some artificial 

 source of light over considerable 

 distances It i? used principally for 



Hehograpn. Cava;ry type with 3-mcta 

 mirrors 



Count ty of J, H. Steieara 



