HELLEVOETSLUIS 



Hellevoetsluis. Seaport and 

 fortress of Holland. It lies in the 

 prov. of S. Holland, on the S. 

 coast of the island of Voorne, on the 

 Haringvliet, an arm of the Ems 

 estuary, about 18 m. S.W. of Rot- 

 terdam, with which it is connected 

 by steam tramway, and also by 

 the Voorne canal. It is an im- 

 portant base of the Dutch navy, 

 with extensive docks, arsenals, 

 engineering shops, etc., but the 

 town has little interest. Pop. 4,500. 



Hell Fire Corner. Landmark 

 on the Ypres-Menin road, 1 m. 

 from Ypres, prominent in the Great 

 War. It was so called because 

 the British troops going up to the 

 advanced trenches from Ypres 

 were continually shelled by the 

 Germans at this spot. 



Hell Gate. Difficult channel in 

 the East River, New York. It is 

 the waterway separating New 

 York proper from Long Island. 

 Strong tides running between 

 Blackwell's and Ward's Islands, 

 and reefs and shoals, caused many 

 wrecks ; the obstructions were 

 blown away with nitroglycerine 

 after a series of engineering opera- 

 tions carried on 1 876-85. The 



3927 



East River is now crossed from 

 Long Island to the mainland by 

 way of Ward's and Randall 

 Islands by the bridge of the New 

 York Connecting Railroad. This 

 is an important link in the de- 

 velopment of New York Harbour, 

 enabling goods to be moved by 

 rail between the S. Brooklyn docks 

 and the mainland without tran- 

 shipment. 



The main bridge and its ap- 

 proaches is 3 m. long, and its 

 centre span is 1,017ft., 135 ft. above 

 high water. Granite, masonry, and 

 concrete towers, 200 ft. high, hold 

 up the arch, and the foundation 

 of one of them is supported under 

 water on a concrete arch and a 

 concrete cantilever. See New York. 



Hellin. Town of Spain, in the 

 prov. of Albacete. It stands near 

 the river Mundo, on the Murcia- 

 Albacete rly., 34 m. S.S.E. of 

 Albacete. It has ruins of a 

 Roman fort, and a church noted for 

 its fine vaulting and marble pave- 

 ment. It manufactures woollen 

 and leather goods, pottery, etc., 

 and trades in wine, oil, and saffron. 

 At Minas del Mundo, 12 m. S., are 

 famous sulphur mines (now state 



HELMET 



property), once worked by the 

 Romans, and in the vicinity, at 

 Azaraque, are mineral springs. 

 Pop. 17,SOO. 



Helluland. Name given by the 

 Norse voyagers of the llth century 

 to a district in N. America visited 

 by them. It means the land of flat 

 stones. Various opinions have been 

 expressed by scholars as to its 

 exact whereabouts, but it was 

 probably Newfoundland. 



Helm. Apparatus by which a 

 vessel is steered, comprising the 

 rudder, tiller, wheel, etc. The term 

 is often used for the wheel or 

 tiller alone. See Navigation. 



Helmand. River of Afghan- 

 istan. It rises in the Hindu Kush, 

 some 140 m. W. of Kabul. After 

 a course of about 700 m., it falls, 

 by several mouths, into Lake 

 Helmet, in S.W. Afghanistan. 



Helmet. Defence for the head 

 in fighting. The helmet of the 

 Greeks was usually open in front, 

 though some examples show a 

 fixed plate pierced for eyes and nose 

 which by tilting the whole helmet 

 forward could be brought into posi- 

 tion, but this was at best a cum- 

 bersome contrivance. The Greeks 



;:,.: 



Heimet. 1. Closed, German, c. 1540. 2. Visored Bascmet, trencn, o. 1400. 8. Closed, uerman, io40-oO. 4. Venetian 

 e c 1450 5 Salade, Milanese, c. 1430. 6. Closed, German, c. 1540. 7. Tilting Salade, German, 1450-90 



Side view ottiitiDK helm English c 1515 ; and 11, front view of same. 9. Closed, German, c. 1570. 10. Types of 

 helmets usTd in the GreltWar adapted xrom antique armour ; back row, left to rigut : Portuguese, American, British, 



Belgian, French? with Polack visor, French, 1916 pattern ; front row : German, German sniper's mask, Austnan 



Photographs from Wallace Collection and Imperial War Muteum 



