HERBERT 



395O 



HERCULANEUM 



Herbert, SEB ROBERT GEORGE 

 WYNDHAM (1831-1905). British 

 civil servant. Born at Brighton, 

 June 12, 1831, grandson of the 1st 

 earl of Carnarvon, he was educated 

 at Eton and Balliol College, Ox- 

 ford, and began his career as a 

 private secretary to Gladstone. In 

 1859 he went 'to Queensland as 

 private secretary to the governor, 

 was made premier of the new 

 colony a year later, and remained 

 there' until 1867. He then entered 

 the board of trade, but in 1 870 was 

 transferred to the colonial office, 

 where he was permanent under- 

 secretary, 1871-92. He was 

 knighted in 1882, and after his 

 retirement served as agent-general 

 for Tasmania. He died at Ickleton, 

 Cambs, May 6, 1905. 



Herbert of Cherbury, EDWARD 

 HERBERT, IST BARON (1583-1648). 

 English philosopher, historian, and 

 diplomatist. Born at Eyton-on- 

 Severn, near Wroxeter, March 3, 

 1583, he went to Oxford when a 

 boy of fourteen. He afterwards 

 travelled much on the Continent, 

 where he made the acquaintance 

 of Isaac Casaubon and Constable 

 Montmorency, and gained the re- 

 putation of a skilful and fearless 

 duellist and man of pleasure. In 

 1614 he fought with distinction 

 under the prince of Orange in the 

 Netherlands and was twice am- 

 bassador to Paris. He was recalled 

 owing to a dispute with Constable 

 de Luvnes as to the treatment of 

 the French Protestants, and a 

 second time in connexion with the 

 proposed mar- 

 riage of Henri- 

 etta Maria of 

 France and 

 Prince Charles. 

 His services 

 were rewarded 

 with an Irish 

 and then an 

 English peer- 

 age as Baron 

 T-i p r V> p r f of 

 rt 'J 

 Cherbury. At 



Htit a SUp- 



porter of the 

 royalist party, he subsequently 

 went over to the parliamentarians. 

 He died in London, Aug. 20, 1648. 

 Herbert of Cherbury is usually 

 called the founder of English deism, 

 a system of natural religion. He 

 assumes that all men are alike in 

 the possession of certain common 

 notions, in which the fundamental 

 truths are represented. The five 

 common notions of natural religion 

 are : the existence of a supreme 

 being ; the duty of worshipping 

 him ; virtue and piety are the 

 most important elements of 

 worship ; the necessity for repent- 

 ance of sins ; a future life with 



Lord Herbert of 



Cherbury, English 



philosopher 



From a contem. portrait 



Lord Herbert of Lea, 

 British politician 

 Alter G. Richmond 



rewards and punishments. Revela- 

 tion is possible to individuals, but 

 must not be opposed to these five 

 notions. Natural instinct is the 

 faculty whereby the common 

 notions as to the relations of things 

 are apprehended and applied with- 

 out the process of reasoning. His 

 chief work is De Veritate (On 

 Truth), 1624. 



Herbert of Lea, SIDNEY HER- 

 BERT, LORD (1810-61 ). British poli- 

 tician. Born at Richmond, Sept. 16, 

 1810, a younger son of the llth 

 earl of Pembroke, he was educated 

 at Harrow and Oriel College, 

 Oxford. He entered Parliament 

 as Conservative M.P. for S. Wilts 

 in 1833, and retained the seat 

 till 1861. In 1834 he was made 

 secretary to the 

 board of con- 

 trol, and in 

 1841 secretary 

 to the admir- 

 alty ; there he 

 remained until 

 in 1845 he 

 entered Sir 

 Robert Peel's 

 Cabinet as sec- 

 retary at war. 

 Still a Peelite, 

 he returned to the same officS in 

 1852, resigning in 1855 on the in- 

 quiry into the failure of the army 

 oiganization in the Crimea. He 

 returned to the war office in 1859, 

 but was in failing health, and in 

 1861 he resigned, having just been 

 made a peer. He died Aug. 2, 1861. 

 Two of his sons became in turn 

 earls of Pembroke. 



Herberton. Town of Queens- 

 land. Australia. It stands 3,000 

 ft. above sea level, 80 m. by rly. 

 S.W. of Cairns, its port. The chief 

 tin-mining centre of N. Queensland, 

 it produces also copper, wolfram, 

 and other minerals. Pop. 1,500. 



Herbertshohe. Former name of 

 the port in Neu Pommern (now New 

 Britain), Bismarck Archipelago, 

 now known as Kokopo (?.?.'.). 

 Formerly the capital of Germany's 

 Pacific colonies, it was superseded 

 in 1910 by Rabaul, 14 m. N.W. 

 It was captured by an Australian 

 force in Sept., 1914. See Bismarck 

 Archipelago ; Papua. 



Herb Paris (Paris quadrifolia). 

 Perennial herb of the natural order 

 Liliaceae. It is a native of Europe 

 and N. and W. Asia. It has a stout 

 white, creeping rootstock, a round 

 stem, bearing near its summit a 

 single whorl of four large oval 

 leaves, and above them the solitary 

 flower, consisting of four large 

 green sepals and four very narrow 

 yellow petals. The eight or more 

 stamens are continued as long 

 points beyond the anthers. The 

 ovary is purple, very large, and 



shining, and develops into a black 

 four-celled berry. The flower has an 

 offensive odour which attracts flies. 

 The plant resembles Trillium. 



Herb Paris, foliage and dowers 



Herb Robert (Geranium rober- 

 iianum). Soft, hairy annual herb 

 of the natural order Geraniaceae. 

 It is a native of Europe, N. Africa, 

 and W. Asia. Its leaves are divided 

 into five leaflets, which are again 

 finely lobed and divided, smelling 

 disagreeably when bruised (hence 

 its local name of Stinking Bob). 

 The flowers are pale purple, 



Herb Kobert, leaves and flowers 



streaked with red, produced all 

 through the season. The whole 

 plant often turns red. 



Herculaneum (Gr. HeraMeion). 

 Ancient Italian coast town, be- 

 tween Naples and Pompeii, at the 

 foot of Mt. Vesuvius. Originally 

 Oscan, it was occupied in turn by 

 Samnites and Etruscans, and was 

 finally conquered by the Romans. 

 In Nero's time it was greatly 

 damaged by an earthquake, and 

 in the autumn of 79 was totally 

 destroyed, together with Pompeii, 

 by an eruption of Vesuvius. The 

 villages of Portici and Resina were 

 built over the site. In 1719, during 

 the sinking of a well, parts of the 

 ancient city were discovered. 

 Since then excavations have been 

 carried on at intervals, but with 

 difficulty, by means of tunnels, 

 propped up "to prevent the earth 

 collapsing. 



The architectural remains are 

 inferior, but the works of art 



