HEREFORD 



Inheritance, E. B. Wilson, 1900 ; 

 The Evolution Theory, A. Weis- 

 mann, 1905 ; Mendel's Principles of 

 Heredity, W. Bateman, 1909; Hered- 

 ity in the Light of Recent Re- 

 search, L. Doncaster, 1910 ; Evolu- 

 tion, P. Geddes and J. A. Thomson, 

 1911 : Heredity in Relation to Evo- 

 lution and Animal Breeding, W. E. 

 Castle, 1911 ; Breeding and the 

 Mendelian Discovery, A. D. Darbi- 

 shire, 1911 ; Mendelism, R. C. Pun- 

 nett, 1911 ; Heredity, J. A. S. Wat- 



3956 



site of a building occupied by the 

 Knights Hospitallers. The schools 

 include a blue coat school and the 

 cathedral school. All Saints and S. 

 Peter's are interesting churches. 

 Hereford has a guildhall, a town 

 hall, and a shire hall, also an art 

 gallery, and a public library and 

 museum. There are only a few 

 remains of the castle and of the 

 town walls. The former is now 

 represented by the castle grounds, 

 a public promenade 

 with a memorial to 

 Nelson. Every third 

 | year a musical festi- 

 val of the choirs of 

 Gloucester, Wor- 

 cester, and Here- 

 ford Cathedrals is 

 held here. The chief 

 industries are the 

 making of cider, 



son, 1912; Problems of Genetics, 

 Bateson, 1913 ; The Mechanism of 

 Mendelian Inheritance, T. H. Mor- 

 gan and others, 1915 ; A Manual of 

 Mendelism, J. Wilson, 1916 ; Dar- 

 winism and Human Life, J. A. 

 Thomson, 1916 ; Heredity, J. A. 

 Thomson, 3rd ed. 1919. 



Hereford. City and mun. 

 borough of Herefordshire, of which 

 it is the county town. It stands 

 on the Wye, main- 

 ly on the left bank, 

 144 m. from Lon- 

 don, and is served 

 by the G.W. Rly. 

 and by two joint 

 lines, being a rail- 

 way centre of 

 some importance. 

 Hereford arms The notab i e 



building is the cathedral. Exhibit- 

 ing several styles of architecture, 

 this was begun about 1079, on the 

 site of an earlier one, and was 

 completed about 1150. Consider- 

 able additions and alterations were 

 made in the 13th and 14th centuries. 

 Restorations were made after 1786, 

 when the western tower fell, and 

 in the 19th century; in 1900-5 

 the west front was reconstructed. 

 Among its features are the fine 

 nave, the Norman font, the shrine 

 of Cantelupe, the tower lantern, 

 and the modern screen. The lady 

 chapel and the crypt are notable, 

 as is the library with its chained 

 books. The cathedral possesses a 

 unique map of the world made 

 about 1313. 



Other buildings are the bishop's 

 palace and the beautiful college of 

 the vicars' choral ; S. Ethelbert's 

 and Coningsby hospitals, both old 

 foundations ; the latter was 

 founded in 1614, being built on the 



HEREFORD 



tanning, brewing, and a trade in agri- 

 cultural produce. The gas, water, 

 and electricity supplies are in the 

 hands of the corporation, which 

 owns the race-course and markets. 

 Hereford owes its historical im- 

 portance to its position on the 

 Welsh border, while as a bishopric 

 it dates from about 672. A castle 

 was built for its protection and 

 this was frequently assailed, the 

 last occasion being during the civil 

 war. In the Middle Ages the 

 citizens obtained the right to hold 

 markets and fairs. They had a 

 merchant guild and the city was 

 soon a corporate town, also a 

 centre of the trade in wool and 

 leather. Weaving was carried on, 

 gloves were made, and there was a 

 mint. From 1295 to 1885 Hereford 

 sent two members to Parliament; 

 until 1918 it sent one. Pop. 23,324. 

 Hereford, EARL 

 OF. English title 

 long borne by the 

 family of Bohun. 

 William Fitzosbern, 

 one of the Norman 

 leaders at Hastings, 

 was made earl of 

 Hereford in 1067. 

 Between then and 

 his death, in 1071, 

 he was chiefly em- 

 ployed in defending 

 the borders of 



iiil sy &R 



Hereford. 1. The bridge over the Wye. 2. Cathedral from the south-west. 

 3. Cathedral west front 



