HEREFORDSHIRE 



3958 



HERFORD 



the County of Hereford, J. Dun- 

 cumb, etc., 1804-92; Herefordshire 

 Biographies, J. Hutchinson, 1890; 

 Victoria History of the Counties of 

 England, Hereford, ed. W. Page, 

 1908 ; The Place-Names of Here- 

 fordshire, A. T. Bannister, 1916 ; 

 Herefordshire, G. W. Wade and J. 

 Henry, 1917. 



Herefordshire Regiment. Re- 

 giment of the British army, estab- 

 lished when the Territorial Force 

 was organized in 1907. It con- 

 sists solely of territorial or volun- 

 teer battalions. The 1st battalion 

 was in Galiipoli, 1915, Palestine, 

 1916-18, and France, 1918. The 

 depot is at Hereford. 



Herero OK OVAHERERO. Negroid 

 people in the S.W. Africa Protect- 

 orate. Situate S. of the allied agri- 



Herero. Warriors oi the South- 

 west African people 



cultural Ovambo, they were form- 

 erly called Cattle Damaras, to dis- 

 tinguish them from the more pri- 

 mitive Hottentot-speaking Hill 

 Damaras. Muscular, aggressive, 

 skin-clad, they were the only 

 purely pastoral Bantu -speaking 

 people extant until they adopted 

 some agriculture under missionary 

 direction. They petitioned Sir 

 Henry Barkly in 1872 for a Brit- 

 ish protectorate, but in 1884 their 

 country was annexed by Germany. 



In 1881, after a period of mutual 

 tolerance, they waged ruthless 

 warfare against the Hottentots 

 and, in 1903-6, they rebelled against 

 the German colonial forces, at 

 whose hands large numbers per- 

 ished. The remainder, estimated 

 (1913) at 21,600, as compared 

 with -some 85,000 before the 

 German occupation, were deprived 

 of their cattle and gathered into 

 reservations. See Africa. 



Hereroland. Country forming 

 a portion of the S.W. Africa 

 Protectorate, also called Damara- 

 land or Damaland. *It lies be- 

 tween Namaqualand on the S., and 

 Ovamboland on the N. The coastal 



region is waterless desert ; behind 

 this area is a mountainous district, 

 with peaks 8,500 ft. high, and 

 beyond this there is good pastoral 

 and agricultural country, extending* 

 towards the Kalahari Desert. The 

 chief towns in Hereroland are 

 Windhoek, Karibib, Rehoboth, 

 Gobabis, Omaruru, and the port of 

 Swakopmund. The only harbour 

 is Walvis Bay, lying S. of Swakop- 

 mund. See The Germans and 

 Africa, P. E. Lewin, 1915. 



Heresy ^Gr. kairesis, choice). 

 An opinion based on the choice of 

 its holder and not on recognized 

 authority. The word appears to 

 have been first used in this sense 

 at Alexandria, to denote the theo- 

 logical views of certain Jews, 

 Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes. 

 In the early Christian Church it 

 came to mean an erroneous doc- 

 trine held by a body of people, but 

 differing from that of the Church 

 generally. Heresy differs entirely 

 from unbelief or even scepticism. 

 It believes and upholds Christian 

 doctrine, but it misunderstands 

 and misinterprets it. Similarly, 

 , it is not identical with schism, for 

 a schismatic may be quite orthodox 

 in his belief, while separating him- 

 self from the household of faith on 

 some question of discipline. 



Heresy is difficult to define, 

 since it presupposes orthodoxy, 

 which is a declaration of a point of 

 view. A teacher who is orthodox 

 from the Anglican standpoint may 

 be an utter heretic from the 

 Roman Catholic, and vice versa. 

 A person who is merely mistaken 

 in his views is not necessarily a 

 heretic ; the latter term implies a 

 certain deliberate rejection of the 

 orthodox belief. Only one who per- 

 sists in his error after warning and 

 instruction is to be regarded a 

 heretic, according to the N.T. rule, 

 " A man that is an heretic after a 

 first and second admonition re- 

 ject " (Tit. iii, 10). The old canon 

 law provides that only an error 

 persistently maintained is to be 

 counted heresy. The law of Eng- 

 land declares to be heresy that 

 which has been so determined 

 heretofore by the authority of the 

 Canonical Scriptures, or the four 

 first general councils, or any of 

 them, or by any other general 

 council, wherein the same was 

 declared heresy by the express and 

 plain words of the said Canonical 

 Scriptures ; or such as shall here- 

 after be determined to be heresy 

 by the High Court of Parliament of 

 this realm, with the assent of the 

 clergy in their Convocation. 



Formerly in England bishops 

 were required to punish heretics, 

 and to notify to the Lord High 

 Chancellor the preachers of here- 



tical doctrine. In 1400 the statute 

 De Haeretico comburendo was 

 passed, and remained in force until 

 it was partly repealed by Henry 

 VIII, and finally abolished by 

 Charles II. The 'last writs under 

 this Act were issued in the ninth 

 year of James I, when two preach- 

 ers were burnt for heretical teach- 

 ing. The ecclesiastical penalties 

 for heresy now in force in Great 

 Britain are deposition from "office 

 and excommunication in case of 

 persistent obstinacy. The bishop 

 of each diocese has the power to 

 try charges of heresy brought 

 against his clergy, and to punish 

 them if found guilty. 



It is remarkable that almost all 

 the heretical movements in the 

 Church can be traced back to a 

 common origin in the Gnosticism 

 which made its appearance in the 

 days of the Apostles, and was de- 

 nounced by them in their Epistles. 

 Manichaeism, Arianism, Pelagian- 

 ism, Montanism, Sabellianism, and 

 the rest, are all either reflections of 

 some aspect of Gnosticism or 

 revulsions from it. See Auto-da-fe ; 

 Christianity; Dogma; Lollards. 



Hereward. English hero, 

 called the Wake. He held land in 

 Lincolnshire, just before the time 

 of William the Conqueror, and soon 

 after the conquest became asso- 

 ciated with those who disliked the 

 Norman rule. He took part in an 

 attack on Peterborough, and was 

 the leader of those who resisted the 

 king in the Isle of Ely. The story 

 says he escaped when William 

 made his way into the isle, in 1071, 

 but nothing more is known of him. 



Hereward the Wake, Last of 

 the English. Novel by Charles 

 Kingsley, first published in 1866. 

 A stirring romance of the second 

 half of the llth century, and the 

 eve of the Norman conquest, it sets 

 forth the outlawry, travels, ad- 

 ventures, and return to his native 

 fen country of the heroic Hereward. 



Herford. Town of Germany, in 

 Westphalia. It stands at the junc- 

 tion of the Werre and the Aa, 16m. 

 S.W. of Minden. It is a rly. junction, 

 and has some interesting churches, 

 one dating from the 12th century 

 and one from the 13th, a modern 

 fountain, an old school, an agri- 

 cultural college, and a theatre. 

 Manufactures include cotton and 

 textiles, carpets, furniture,' ma- 

 chinery, etc. The most important 

 fact in its history is the Benedic- 

 tine nunnery founded in the 9th 

 century, around which the town 

 grew. The house before its end in 

 1803 was one of the richest in Ger- 

 many. Herford was once a free 

 city, but became part of Branden- 

 burg in 1648. It passed to Prussia 

 in 1815. Pop. 32,546. 



