HERITABLE 



3960 



HERMADA 



wife, etc. Machinery that has 

 been installed and fixed to the 

 floor, for example, may be herit- 

 able. The ease with which such 

 objects may be moved without 

 damage to a building, and the 

 reason for their addition to the 

 building, determines into which 

 class they fall. See Fixtures. 



Heritable Jurisdiction. Ob- 

 solete class of Scottish jurisdiction 

 which granted certain families 

 power to administer laws irre- 

 spective of the common law. These 

 jurisdictions, of which nearly a 

 hundred were in existence at one 

 time, empowered their holders to 

 punish by fines, imprisonment, or 

 even death those who came within 

 their province. Such arbitrary 

 powers, exercised mainly by the 

 great Scottish chiefs, were a de- 

 finite source of danger to the 

 state, and they were abolished 

 in 1748, properly constituted 

 sheriffs being appointed in their 

 place, and pecuniary compensation 

 for the loss of these rights being 

 paid to the amount of over 

 150,000. See Clan. 



Heritable Security. In Scots 

 law, name given to those securities 

 corresponding to mortgages and 

 charges on land in England. 

 Under these securities a creditor 

 is enabled, for example, to receive 

 rents until the debt is discharged, 

 no matter into whose possession 

 the lands may pass. The principal 

 heritable security is called the 

 bond and disposition in security, 

 and must be recorded in the Re- 

 gister of Sasines. When two securi- 

 ties compete, the one first regis- 

 tered takes precedence. 



Heritor. Term used in Scots 

 law for the owner in fee of heritable 

 property in a parish, i.e. for 

 owners of immovable property. It 

 includes corporations, but ex- 

 cludes titulars of teinds or tithes, 

 superiors, mine owners and lessees. 

 Replacing the old word parishion- 

 ers, heritors are responsible for the 

 upkeep of parish churches, etc. 



Herkless, SIR JOHN (1855- 

 1920). Scottish eccles. historian. 

 Born at Glasgow, Aug. 9, 1855, 

 he was educated at Glasgow high 

 school and university and at Jena. . 

 Tutor in English literature, Queen 

 Margaret College, Glasgow, he 

 was assistant minister at S. Mat- 

 thew's Church, Glasgow, 1881-83 ; 

 and minister of Tannaclice, Forfar- 

 shire, 1883-94. From 1894-1915 he 

 was regius professor of eccles. his- 

 tory at St. Andrews, serving as 

 provost 1911-15, when he was ap- 

 pointed vice-chancellor and prin- 

 cipal of the university and prin- 

 cipal of the united college of S. 

 Salvator and S. Leonard. Knighted 

 in 1917, he died June 11, 1920. 



His books include Cardinal Bea- 

 ton, Priest and Politician, 1891 ; The 

 Church of Scotland, 1897 ; Francis 

 and Dominic, 1901 ; Introduction 

 and Notes to Hebrews (Temple 

 Bible), 1902; and (with R. K. 

 Hannay) The College of St. Leonard, 

 1905; and The Archbishops of St. 

 Andrews, 5 vols., 1907-16. 



Herkomer, SIB HUBERT VON 

 (1849-1914). British painter. He 

 was born at Waal, Bavaria, May 26, 

 1849, the son of 

 a wood carver. 

 In 1857 the 

 family settled 

 at Southamp- 

 ton, where 

 young Herko- 

 mer attended 

 the local art 

 ^silyUB school. In 



1866 he joined the school at S. 

 Kensington, but only remained a 

 few months. In 1 869 he again came 

 to London, became an exhibitor 

 at the Dudley Gallery, and a con- 

 tributor of sketches to The Gra- 

 phic, and in 1871 was elected to 

 the Institute of Painters in Water 

 Colour. In 1874 his great success, 

 The Last Muster, appeared at the 

 Academy. He was elected A.R.A. 

 in 1879, and R.A. in 1890. 



In 1883 he founded his famous 

 school of art at Bushey, and from 

 1885-94 was Slade professor at 

 Oxford. Among his memorable 

 works are Found, 1885, in the 

 Tate Gallery ; Lady in White (por- 

 trait of Miss Grant), 1885; por- 

 trait in enamel of the German Em- 

 peror, 1899; A Zither Evening 

 with my Students, 1901 ; and a 

 gigantic group of the town council 

 of Waal. Herkomer was knighted 



in 1907. He died at Bushey, Herts, 

 March 31, 1914. See his auto- 

 biography in The Herkomers, 1910. 



Her lies. Village of France, in 

 the dept. of Nord. On the Bethune- 

 Lille road, 5 m. N.E. of Neuve 

 Chapelle, it was prominent in the 

 early months of the Great War. 

 In Oct., 1914, the ridge to the 

 north of the village was the scene 

 of an advance by the British 2nd 

 corps, and the village was cap- 

 tured by Royal Fusiliers and 

 Lincolns, Oct. 17, at the point of 

 the bayonet. Lost in the spring of 

 1918, it was regained by the British 

 in Oct. See Ypres, Battles of. 



Herm. One of the Channel 

 Islands. It is 3 m. E. of Guernsey, 

 and is 1J m. long by m. broad. 

 It is noted for the extraordinary 

 variety of shells on its beach. Be- 

 fore the Great War the island was 

 leased to a German company, but 

 after being regained by the British 

 it was sold to an English one, with 

 the intention of making it into a 

 summer resort. There are frequent 

 excursions from St. Peter Port, 

 Guernsey, in the summer months. 

 Pop. 33. See Channel Islands. 



Hermada. Mt. of Italy. It is 

 S. of the main Carso plateau, which 

 lies N. and E. of the N. portion of 

 the Adriatic. It was very pro- 

 minent in the Great War in the 

 battles between the Italians and 

 Austrians. Heavily fortified by 

 the latter, it barred the Italian 

 advance to Trieste. In the first 

 and second battles of the Carso, 

 Sept.-Oet., 1916, the Italians 

 shelled it, but were unable to open 

 the road to Trieste. In May, 1917, 

 they gained its western slopes, but 

 were driven off on June 5, as they 

 were again, Sept. 6, after having 

 reached it once more. See Carso, 

 Battles of the? 



Sir Hubert Herkomer. The Charterhouse Chapel, one of the artist's best 

 known and most sympathetic paintings, now in the Tate Gallery, London 



