HERMITAGE 



3963 



HERNE BAY 



the Winter Palace. The entrance to 

 the main building, of two storeys, 

 was in the Millionnaya (see Petro- 

 grad, plan). On the ground floor, be- 

 fore the Revolution, were Egyptian, 

 Assyrian, Russian, Scythian, and 

 Siberian antiquities, Greek and 

 Roman sculpture, vases, bronzes, 

 and medieval and Renaissance 

 armour and weapons. The first 

 floor contained an almost unique 

 collection of paintings representa- 

 tive of the great masters, coins, 

 medals, gems, and ornaments. 

 There was also a valuable collection 

 of rare books and MSS., etc. 



Hermitage. French wine grown 

 near Valence, in the Drome. Red 

 Hermitage resembles Beaune in 

 colour and strength, and claret 

 in elegance ; the white, of which 

 little is made, is similar but 

 superior to Chablis. Beaujolais, 

 often classed with Hermitage, is 

 grown on the northern hills of the 

 Rhone dept. 



Hermit Crab (Pagurus and 

 Eupagurus). Popular name for a 

 group of small crabs which take up 



Hermit Crab. Specimen ot Pagurus Bernhardus 



their abode in the empty shells of 

 whelks and other gastropods or 

 in living sponges. This habit is 

 due to the fact that the hinder half 

 of the body is not protected by a 

 hard carapace and needs shelter 

 against its enemies. The abdomen 

 is provided with a pair of grasping 

 appendages by which the crab clings 

 tightly to the shell, from which it 

 is not easily extracted. Eleven 

 species are found around the Brit- 

 ish coasts. See Crab. 



Herxnogenes OF TARSUS (2nd 

 century A.D.). Greek rhetorician. 

 He taught in the reign of Mareus 

 Aurelius at Rome, where he was 

 considered a youthful prodigy. He 

 was the author of four extant 

 rhetorical treatises, on disputed 

 points of law, invention of argu- 

 ments, different styles, best uses of 

 material, and of some rhetorical 

 exercises. Pron. Her-moj -eneez. 



Hermon. Mt. of Syria. It forms 

 the S. extremity of the Anti- 

 Lebanon range and is now known 

 as the Jebel esh Sheikh. Often 

 mentioned in the Bible, it is 9,380 

 ft. high, and on its slopes are the 

 ruins of a great temple of Baal. The 

 range called Little Mt. Hermon lies 

 about 24 m. S.E. of Acre. 



Hermon this. City of ancient 

 Egypt. It is close to the present 

 Armant or Erment, 459 m. S. of 

 Cairo and 9 m. from Luxor. Here 

 are the remains of a temple of Isis 

 and numerous other ruins. The 

 city was called On, or, to distin- 

 guish it from other places of the 

 same name, the Southern On, or 

 Per-Mont (House of Mont), whence 

 came the Greek name Hermonthis. 

 Hermopolis. Greek name of 

 the ancient Egyptian city of 

 Khmunu. About 4 m. inland from 

 Roda, and 176 m. by rly. S. of 

 Cairo, Hermopolis was the chief 

 centre of the worship of Thoth, the 

 god of writing and science. 



Hermopolis (Hermou polls, 

 City of Hermes). Seaport of 

 Greece, capital of the barren island 

 of Syros (Syra) and the dept. of the 

 Cyclades. Situated on the E. shore 

 of the island, in a sheltered bay, it 

 consists of an old and a modern 

 well-built town, and is an adminis- 

 trative centre. It has a good har- 

 bour, an arsenal, high school, 

 seminary, theatre, etc. The seat of a 

 Greek and a R.C. 

 ^ bishop, it has a 

 | shipbuilding in- 

 | dustry, and manu- 

 \ factures " Turkish 

 i Delight," cottons, 

 leather, flour, and 

 glass. The exports 

 include em e r y, 

 valonia, sponges, 

 and tobacco ; its 

 imports are c o n- 

 siderable. Pop. 18,132. 



Hermosa (Sp., beautiful). Pass 

 or mule track over the Andes be- 

 tween San Juan in Argentina and 

 the Chilean town of Ovalle in Co- 

 quimbo. 



Hermosillo. City of Mexico, 

 capital of the state of Sonora. 

 Known also as Pitio, it stands on 

 the river Sonora, 89 m. by rly. N. 

 of Guaymas, and is a busy trade 

 centre, particularly with the U.S.A. 

 Silver and copper are mined; 

 bullion, hides, ores, and fruits are 



Hermon, the mountain at the southern extremity of the 

 Lebanon range, Syria 



exported. It contains a cathedral, 

 a mint, and a library. Sugar is 

 grown, and flour-milling and dis- 

 tilling are carried on. Pop. 14,575. 

 Hernani, ou L'HONNEUK CAS- 

 TELLAN (Hernani, or Castilian 

 Honour). Five-act tragedy in 

 verse by Victor Hugo. It was pro- 

 duced at the Comldie Fra^aise, 

 Paris, Feb. 25, 1830, and ran until 

 June 18, 1830. It was a depar- 

 ture from traditional literary form, 

 liberated the French stage from the 

 thraldom of the classical unities 

 associated with the school of 

 Racine, marked the beginning of 

 the romantic movement of 1830- 

 50, and provoked at the outset 

 extraordinary opposition which re- 

 sulted in at least one fatal duel. 



It is notable for the vigour of its 

 verse, the effectiveness of its stage 

 situations, and the long soliloquy 

 of Charles V before the tomb of 

 Charlemagne. The titular hero is a 

 mysterious bandit who at the 

 moment of his marriage dies by his 

 own hand in order to keep his word 

 to his enemy. Upon Hugo's work 

 Verdi founded his opera Ernani, 

 produced at Venice, March, 1844 ; 

 when produced in Paris in 1846, 

 it was named II Proscritto. Fechter 

 and Edwin Booth acted in an Eng- 

 lish adaptation, and this, like 

 Verdi's opera, was in four acts. 

 Sarah Bernhardt made one of her 

 many successes in the role of the 

 heroine Dona Sol. See Hugo, 

 Victor. 



Hernani. Town of Spain, in the 

 Basque prov. of Guipuzcoa. It 

 stands on the river Urumea, 8 m. 

 S.E. of San Sebastian. The chief 

 features of the town are several 

 palaces and a church celebrated 

 for its wood carvings. In the 

 vicinity, in 1836, the Carlists 

 defeated an English Legion. Iron 

 mines afford employment for many 

 of its inhabitants. 



Herne Bay. Urban district and 

 watering-place of Kent. It is 12 m. 

 from Margate and 7 m. from Can- 

 terbury, with a station on the S.E. 

 . & C. Rly. Visited 

 ; in summer for its 

 sands and bracing 

 air, its attractions 

 include a long es- 

 planade, a pier 

 with a large pavil- 

 ion, a concert hall, 

 and a winter 

 garden laid out 

 as a memorial to 

 Edward VII. 

 Away to the E. is 

 Reculver (q.v.), 

 and 1 m. inland 

 is the village of 

 Herne, with an old 

 church. Pop. 

 7,800. 



