HERNE HILL 



3964 



Herne Bay, Kent. 



The sea front looking east towards 

 the Clock Tower 



Frilh 



Herne Hill. Residential dist. of 

 London, S.E. It lies between 

 Brixton on the W. and Dulwich on 

 the E. and has a station on the 

 S.E. & C.R. It is in the boroughs 

 of Camberwell and Lambeth. At 

 No. 28, Herne Hill, the road lead- 

 ing N. from the rly. station to join 

 Denmark Hill, Ruskin lived in 

 1823-43, and at No. 30 in 1848. 

 Between Burbage Road and Dul- 

 wich are the Herne Hill athletic 

 grounds. Brockwell Park adjoins 

 the district. The name of Herne 

 Hill is believed to be derived from 

 Heron Hill. 



Herne the Hunter. Horned 

 apparition which was supposed to 

 haunt a certain oak in Windsor 

 Forest in the time of Elizabeth. 

 The legend is used to Falstaff's un- 

 doing in The Merry Wives of Wind- 

 sor, and forms a notable feature 

 in Harrison Ainsworth's romance 

 Windsor Castle. Herne's Oak, said 

 to have been six hundred years old, 

 was blown down, Aug. 31, 1863. 

 A young oak was planted on the 

 spot by Queen Victoria, Sept. 12, 

 1863. See Windsor, the Castle of 

 our Kings, A. Goddard, 1911. 



Hernia OR RUPTURE. Latin name 

 given to the protrusion of an organ 

 or part of an organ through an 

 opening in the cavity which nor- 

 mally contains it. After an injury 

 to the head, for example, the brain 

 may protrude through the scalp, 

 forming a hernia of the brain. The 

 term, however, is commonly applied 

 to the protrusion of organs in the 

 abdominal cavity through weak- 

 ened spots in the abdominal wall. 



Congenital defects or weakness of 

 the abdominal wall are frequent 

 predisposing causes. The actual 

 rupture, which occurs later, may be 

 due to frequent strain upon the 

 wall, resulting from occupations 

 entailing lifting heavy weights ; 

 weakening of the abdominal wall, 

 such as may follow childbirth ; 

 direct injury to the wall ; or weak- 

 ness in the neighbourhood of a scar 

 following an abdominal operation. 



A hernia consists 

 of a sac formed by 

 the peritoneum or 

 lining membrane 

 which covers the 

 abdominal organs, 

 and of the contents 

 of the sac, most 

 frequently a part 

 of the intestine. 

 The abdominal 

 wall is pushed in 

 front of the pro- 

 truding mass, and 

 the sac becomes 

 adherent to the 

 surrounding parts. 

 In inguinal her- 

 nia part of the 

 abdominal contents, usually a 

 portion of the intestine or mem- 

 braneous covering of the intestine, 

 has passed through the inguinal 

 canal, a narrow channel towards 

 the inner end of the groin, beneath 

 the skin, through which the sper- 

 matic cord and blood-vessels pass 

 down to the testicle. In the early 

 stages, a slight swelling only can be 

 felt in the region of the inguinal 

 canal, which enlarges when the 

 patient coughs. In the later stages, 

 the swelling is larger, and may 

 eventually extend into the scrotum. 

 A reducible hernia is one in 

 which the protruded mass may be 

 replaced in the abdominal cavity 

 by gentle manipulation. A femoral 

 hernia is less common, in which the 

 protrusion passes through the 

 crural canal, and appears as a 

 rounded swelling on the inner side 

 of the thigh near its junction with 

 the abdomen. An umbilical hernia 

 consists of the protrusion of the 

 abdominal contents through a 

 weakened scar of the umbilicus or 

 navel. Ventral hernia is a pro- 

 trusion through some other spot 

 in the abdominal wall. 



The treatment is either pallia- 

 tive or radical, i.e. by operation. 

 Palliative treatment consists in 

 wearing a truss, i.e. an appliance 

 consisting of a pad which presses 

 upon and closes the aperture in the 

 abdominal wall, and is kept in 

 position by a spring belt passing 

 round the body. A truss should 

 be well fitted, and the contents of 

 the hernia should never be allowed 

 to come down. In some cases, this 

 treatment may effect a permanent 

 cure after the truss has been worn 

 for a year or two. 



The operative treatment con- 

 sists essentially in sewing together 

 the tissues which form the abdo- 

 minal wall, so as to reduce or close 

 the aperture through which the 

 hernia is protruded. 



A hernia may become inflamed, 

 obstructed, or strangulated. The 

 symptoms of an inflamed hernia 



are pain, tenderness, and swelling, 

 while the skin over the hernia may 

 be hot and congested. Fever may 

 be present, but the constitutional 

 symptoms are not so severe as in 

 strangulation. 



In an obstructed hernia, the on- 

 ward passage of material through 

 the intestine is prevented. The 

 . symptoms are usually constipation, 

 nausea, and vomiting. The hernia 

 becomes irreducible and may pass 

 on to strangulation. In a strangu- 

 lated hernia, the blood-vessels bo- 

 come pressed upon, so that the flow 

 of blood through them is obstructed. 

 This may lead to gangrene of the 

 mass. The symptoms are severe 

 pain, with signs of shock. The pa- 

 tient feels faint, the pulse is slow 

 and weak, the temperature may be 

 subnormal, and the skin covered 

 with cold sweat. Strangulation ur- 

 gently demands surgical treatment 

 See Truss. 



Hernici. People of ancient Italy 

 akin to the Sabines, living in the 

 Apennine country. Continual war- 

 fare was waged between them and 

 the Romans, by whom they were 

 finally subjugated in 306 B.C. Their 

 chief stronghold was Anagnia. 

 See Anagni. 



Hernosand. Seaport of Sweden, 

 capital of the Ian or govt. of Ves- 

 ternorrland. It stands on Herno 

 island, in the estuary of the Anger- 

 man river, and is connected by 

 bridges with the mainland, 423 m. 

 by rly. N. of Stockholm. It has a 

 good harbour, a cathedral, a school 

 of navigation, and a technical 

 school. It was the first European 

 town to adopt electric lighting. 

 Formerly a staple town, it has trade 

 in linen, sulphite, fish, iron ore, and 

 lumber. An old city, it has suffered 

 severely at the hands of the Rus- 

 sians, notably in 1710, 1714, and 

 1721. Pop. 9,875. 



Hero. General term applied to 

 one who performed great deeds in 

 the mythical ages of Greece. One 

 or other of the parents of heroes 

 was frequently a god or goddess, 

 and sometimes after their death 

 heroes became gods themselves. 

 Among the best known heroes of 

 Greek mythology are Hercules, 

 who accomplished the famous 

 Twelve Labours; Theseus, who 

 slew the Minotaur ; Perseus, who 

 cut off the Gorgon's head and 

 rescued Andromeda from the sea- 

 monster ; and Achilles and Hector, 

 the champions of the Greeks and 

 Trojans respectively at the siege of 

 Troy. The name was also given to 

 the oekists, founders of colonies or 

 cities, who received semi -divine 

 honours after death, and to famous 

 personages such as Leonidas. See 

 The Psychology of the Uncon- 

 scious, Carl Jung, 1916. 



