HERR1CK 



3968 



HERRING BONE 



designer, in 1881 he was appointed 

 superintendent of his brother's 

 works at Rhode Island. In addition 

 to government work on torpedo 

 boats and other naval craft, he de- 

 signed the Gloriana racing yacht, 

 which first brought him fame in 

 1891, while his Vigilant, 1893, 

 Defender, 1895, Columbia, 1899, 

 Reliance, 1903, and Resolute, 

 1920, were successful defenders of 

 the America Cup. 



Herrick, ROBERT (1591-1674). 

 English poet. Son of a goldsmith 

 and born in London, he was bap- 

 ^^^^^^^^^^ tized at the 

 I church of S. 

 I Vedast, Foster 

 I Lane, Aug. 24, 

 PJjll 1591. It is 

 thought that 

 I he was educa- 

 I ted at West- 

 4! ' If minster School, 

 8 on leaving 

 a which he 

 / was for 

 ^= several 

 Fromaprint years ap- 



prentice to his uncle, a goldsmith. 

 After graduating at Cambridge, 

 where he was a student first at S. 

 John's College and then at Trinity 

 Hall, he returned to London, 

 joined the Jonson circle, and in 

 1629 became vicar of Dean Prior, 

 near Ashburton, Devonshire, where 

 his wants were attended to by an 

 old servant, Prudence Baldwin 

 (the " Prue " of his poems). Ejected 

 by the Puritans hi 1647, he re- 

 turned to his living in 1662, being 

 buried at Dean Prior Oct. 15, 1674. 

 Described by Swinburne as " the 

 greatest song-writer as surely as 

 Shakespeare is the greatest drama- 

 tist ever born of English race," 

 Herrick lapsed at times into coarse- 

 ness and is not immune from 

 monotony, but at their best his 

 Hesperides and Noble Numbers 

 are exceedingly beautiful, as is 

 shown by Ye have been fresh and 

 green, Bid me to live, Gather ye 

 rosebuds, and Cherry-Ripe. An 

 excellent modern edition of his 



ranking as 



llth Lord Berries 



Elliott & Fry 



his death, Jan. 



poems is that by A. W. Pollard, 

 1891 and 1898. See Life, F. W. 

 Moorman, 1910. 



Henries, LORD. Scottish title 

 borne since 1567 by the family of 

 Maxwell. Herbert Herries, of Ter- 

 regles, Kirkcudbrightshire, was 

 made a lord of parliament about 

 1490, and was succeeded in the title 

 by his son and grandson. The latter 

 left only a daughter, Agnes. She 

 married John Maxwell, a younger 

 son of Robert Maxwell, Lord Max- 

 well, and he was given the title of 

 Lord Herries in 

 the 4th lord, t 

 Herries ap- \ 

 peared in pub- I 

 lie life as a re- | 

 former and a I 

 friend of Knox, | 

 but later he was | 

 one of the sup- 

 porters of 

 Queen Mary. 

 He continued 

 active in Scot- 

 tish affairs until 

 20, 1583. 



The title passed to his descend- 

 ants, one of whom, John, the 7th 

 lord, inherited in 1667 the earldom 

 of Nithsdale, becoming the 3rd earl. 

 His grandson, the 5th earl, lost his 

 titles for sharing in the Jacobite 

 rising of 1715, and for long there was 

 no Lord Herries. In 1858, however, 

 it was decided that William Consta- 

 ble Maxwell was the rightful Lord 

 Herries, and he became the 10th 

 lord. In 1884 the llth lord was 

 made a baron of the United King- 

 dom, and on his death in 1908 the 

 title passed to the lady who became 

 later duchess of Norfolk. The estates 

 of the Maxwells were in Kirkcud- 

 brightshire. 



Herring (Clupea harengus). Fish 

 belonging to the same genus as the 

 sprat and pilchard. It is found 

 near the land in the northern parts 

 of the Atlantic, but not in the Medi- 

 terranean. The genus contains about 

 60 species, most of them being avail- 

 able as food for man. The common 

 herring is always found in schools 

 which swim near 

 : the surface of the 

 , sea, and are con- 

 stantly moving 

 from place to place 

 following their 

 food. The result is 

 that the herring 

 fishery is somewhat 

 uncertain, a good 

 fishing ground 

 being oftentempor- 

 arily deserted for 

 no apparent reason. 

 The herring 

 feeds mainly on 



Robert Herrick. Dean Fnor Cnurch, Devonsnire, of which minute crustace- 

 the poet was incumbent, and where he is buried ans, filtering them 



out of the water by means of the 

 gill -rakers at the side of the throat, 

 which act as a kind of sieve like the 

 baleen of the whale. It also eats 

 small worms and the eggs and fry 

 of its own and other species of 

 fish. When alarmed, the herring 

 will sometimes leap out of the 

 water and be carried several feet 

 through the air. There are two 

 spawning seasons, summer and 

 winter ; but it has been discovered 

 that the winter spawners belong to 

 a different race from the others. 

 Its eggs do not float on the surface, 

 but adhere to the stones and 

 weeds at the bottom of compara- 

 tively shallow water. 



The summer eggs are deposited 

 at some distance from the shore, 

 but the winter ones are usually 

 shed in brackish water about the 

 mouths of rivers, and may even be 

 found attached to the leaves of 

 fresh-water plants. The average 

 number of eggs deposited by the 

 female is 30,000. These hatch in 

 from ten days to a month, accord- 

 ing to the temperature, and the 

 young fish take from two to three 

 years to become adult. Around the 

 British coasts 12 ins. is a usual length 

 for a full-grown fish, but in Iceland 

 examples 17 ins. in length are often 

 taken. 



Economically the herring is an 

 important food fish, owing to its 

 nutritious qualities and its great 



BB 



Herring. Specimen of the common 



herring found in the Atlantic and 



northern seas 



abundance. It is specially numer- 

 ous in the North Sea and along 

 the E. coast of Scotland, and 

 the fishery is carried on by boats 

 from most of the countries of 

 Northern Europe, especially Gt. 

 Britain, Germany, and Holland. It 

 is chiefly captured in the drift net, 

 the seine being used in narrower 

 waters, such as the sea lochs of 

 Scotland. About 20 p.c. of the fish 

 on the market are consumed fresh, 

 the rest being salted and partly 

 dried as bloaters or smoked as 

 kippers and red herrings. See 

 Fisheries ; Trawling. 



Herring Bone. Term used in 

 architecture. It refers to courses 

 of stone laid on the model of 

 herring bones, i.e. those in one 

 course are all placed obliquely to the 

 right and those in the next course 

 obliquely to the left, and so on. 

 The term is also used for a kind of 

 stitch used in dressmaking (q.v.). 



