HERSTAL 



in the U.S.A. on this business when 

 he died March 1, 1899, at Washing- 

 ton. His many honours included 

 the chancellorship of London Uni- 

 versity. Richard, the 2nd baron 

 (b. 1878), was a lord-in-waiting. 



Herstal OB HERISTAL. Town of 

 Belgium. It is 2 m. from Liege, of 

 which it is practically a suburb. 

 Before the Great War it was an 

 industrial centre, having manufac- 

 tures of iron and steel goods, not- 

 ably bicycles, while the Belgian 

 government had establishments 

 here for making firearms and other 

 munitions. During the war the 

 town was in the possession of the 

 Germans ; they vacated it after the 

 armistice, Nov., 1918, and its indus- 

 tries were soon re-started. Herstal 

 is historically interesting because 

 here was born Pepin, the ancestor 

 of Charlemagne, who is usually 

 known as Pepin of Heristal. 



Hertford. Mun. bor., market 

 and co. town of Hertfordshire, 

 England. It stands on the Lea, 

 , _ , 24 m. N. of Lon- 

 don, on the G.N. 

 and G.E. Rlys. 

 Pic turesquely 

 situated, it con- 

 tains a large shire 

 hall, corn ex- 

 change, public 



churches, that of All Saints, 1895, 

 replaced an earlier structure de- 

 stroyed by fire in 1891 ; that of 

 S. Andrew is on the site of a build- 

 ing founded in pre-Norman times ; 

 and the Roman Catholic church 

 occupies the site of a Benedictine 

 priory founded in the time of 

 William I. Here are Christ's 

 Hospital girls' school, and a gram- 

 mar school founded by Richard 

 Hale in 1617. 



The castle, built by Edward the 

 Elder in 905, and several times 

 reconstructed, has been of late 

 years a private residence, and 



3970 



widow of Edward II, died in 1358 ; 

 Henry IV, Elizabeth, and other 

 sovereigns also resided in the 

 castle, which was taken by the 

 Parliamentary forces during the 

 Civil War. Haileybury College 

 is 2 m. to the S.E., and Panshanger, 

 the former seat of Earl Cowper, is 

 2 m. to the N.W. The town 

 suffered a good deal of damage 

 during a Zeppelin raid in 1916. 



Hertford's history goes back to 

 the time of King Alfred. It has 

 a large agricultural trade, and 

 brewing, malting, and iron-found- 

 ing industries, and gives its name 

 to a co. div. returning one member 

 to Parliament. Market day, Sat. 

 Pop. (1921) 10,712. 



Hertford, MARQUESS OF. British 

 title borne since 1793, and also 

 earlier, by the family of Seymour. 

 Francis Seymour, a son of Sir 

 Edward Seymour and a descendant 

 of the protector Somerset, in- 

 herited the estates of a cousin, 

 the earl of Conway. In 1703 he was 

 made Baron Conway. In 1750 his 

 son Francis, 1718-94, was made 

 earl of Hertford, and in 1793 earl 

 of Yarmouth and marquess of Hert- 

 ford. He was viceroy of Ireland, 

 and held other offices during a long 

 public life. He was succeeded by 

 his son, Francis, as 2nd marquess. 

 The latter's son and grandson, the 

 3rd and 4th marquesses, were men 

 of some note. The 5th marquess, 

 a general in the army, was a cousin 

 of the 4th, and from him the title 

 passed to its present holder. The 

 family seat is Ragley Hall, War- 

 wickshire, around which the estates 

 lie. The eldest son is known as the 

 earl of Yarmouth. 



Before 1793 there had been^arls 

 and marquesses of Hertford. The 

 early earls were members of the 

 great family of Clare, who held the 

 earldom until the death of Earl 

 Gilbert at Bannockburn, in 1314. 

 In 1537 the Seymours began their 

 connexion with this title. Edward 



incorporates parts of the ancient Seymour, afterwards the protector 

 stronghold, in which Isabella, Somerset, was then made earl, and 



the title passed to 

 his son Edward, 

 who, having lost 

 it, regained it in 

 1559. His grand- 

 son, William Sey- 

 mour, was made 

 marquess of Hert- 

 ford and duke of 

 Somerset, and the 

 two titles re- 

 mained united 

 until the 4th duke 

 1 of Somerset died 

 * in 1675. Themar- 

 | quessate then be- 

 HHK came extinct. See 

 ; in St. Andrew's Street Seymour; Somer- 



Valenline Set, Duke of. 



Af.c 



HERTFORD 



Hertford, FRANCIS INGRAM SEY- 

 MOUR, 2ND MARQUESS OF (1743- 

 1822). British peer. The eldest son 

 of the 1st 

 marquess, he 

 was born Feb. 

 12, 1743. Edu 

 cated at Eton 

 and Christ 

 Church, Ox- 

 ford, he was an 

 Irish M.P. 

 1761-68, and 

 chief secretary 

 to the lord- 



1765-66. In 

 1766 he was elected to the British 

 House of Commons, where he Avas 

 fairly prominent in debate,advocat- 

 ing liberal ideas such as toleration 

 of Roman Catholics. From 1774- 

 80 he was a lord of the treasury, 

 and in 1794 he became marquess of 

 Hertford. From 1804-6 he was 

 master of the household, and from 

 1812-21 lord chamberlain. He 

 died June 17, 1822. 



Hertford, FRANCIS CHARLES SEY- 

 MOUR CONWAY, SRD MARQUESS OF 

 (1777-1842). British peer. Born 

 March 11, 1777, 

 he was the 

 only son of the 

 2nd marquess 

 and his wife, 

 the daughter of 

 the last Vis- 

 count Irvine, 

 from whom 

 came much of 

 his great 



After Lawret 



Hertford. 



Oxford, he 

 was an M.P. 

 before succeeding to the title in 

 1822. He lived the life of a man of 

 pleasure, and is the original of the 

 marquess of Steyne of Vanity Fair 

 and of Lord Monmouth of Conings- 

 by. He died in London, March 1, 

 1842. The marquess married an 

 heiress, Maria Fagniani, daughter 

 of G. A. Selwyn, and had two sons. 

 Richard Seymour Conway (1800- 

 70), the elder, who became the 4th 

 marquess, was a collector of pic- 

 tures and works of art, which 

 now form part of the Wallace 

 Collection (q.v.). 



Hertford College. College of 

 the university of Oxford. It dates 

 from about 1283, when Elias de 

 Hartford founded 

 a hall for stu- 

 dents known as 

 Hart or Hertford 

 Hall. It became 

 a college in 1740, 

 but was dissolved 

 in 1805, and later 

 its buildings and Hertford Coll 

 property were arms 



