Heinrich Hertz, 

 German physicist 



HERTZ 



Hertz, HEINRICH RUDOLF (1857- 

 94). German physicist. Born at 

 Hamburg, Feb. 22, 1857, his name 

 will always be 

 associated with 

 the discovery of 

 Hertzian waves 

 of wireless tele- 

 graphy. In 1880 

 lie became as- 

 sistant to Helm- 

 holtz at the 

 Berlin Insti- 

 tute, where he 

 carried out a 

 series of researches on electric 

 discharge in gases. On his appoint- 

 ment to the professorship of physics 

 in 1885 at Karlsruhe Polytechnic, 

 inspired by the electro-magnetic 

 theories of Maxwell, he began the 

 study of electro-magnetic waves. 



Hertz showed the refraction, 

 diffraction, and polarisation of the 

 electric waves and their corre- 

 spondence with those of light and 

 heat. The practical results he 

 obtained, particulars of which he 

 published in 1887, were no less 

 brilliant than the profound mathe- 

 matical researches of Maxwell. 

 Their importance cannot be over- 

 estimated, for upon them has been 

 based the whole of modern wire- 

 less communication. Till his death, 

 Jan. 1, 1894, Hertz continued to 

 publish regularly papers on his 

 remarkable discoveries, and many 

 were translated into English in 

 1896 by D. E. Jones and G. A. 

 Schott. See Wireless Telegraphy. 

 Hertz, HENRIK (1798-1870). 

 Danish poet and dramatist. Edu- 

 cated in Copenhagen, where he 

 was born Aug. 25, 1798, he began 

 to study law, but his early writ- 

 ings -among them The Letters of 

 a Ghost, 1830, brought him into 

 such prominence that, after a 

 journey on the Continent at the 

 public expense, he settled down 

 to literature with a subsidy from 

 the state and the title of pro- 

 fessor. Among his best known 

 poetical dramas are Svend Dyring's 

 House, 1837, and King Rene's 

 Daughter, 1845, Eng. trans. Theo- 

 dore Martin, 1850, new ed. 1894. 

 His Poems appeared 1851-62, and 

 Collected Dramatic Works, 18 vols., 

 1854-73. He died Feb. 25, 1870. 



Hertz, JOSEPH HERMAN (b. 

 1872). Jewish rabbi. Born in 

 Hungary, Sept. m 

 25, 1872, he was I 

 educated at i 

 Columbia Uni- 

 versity. He 

 became a rabbi 

 at Syracuse, 

 New York, in 

 1894, and at 



Johannesburg j osepQ H . Hertz, 

 in 1898. From Jewish rabbi 



1907-9 he was professor of philo- 

 sophy at the Transvaal University 

 College, became a rabbi at New York 

 city in 1912, and was appointed 

 chief rabbi of the British United 

 Congregations in 1913. He wrote 

 The Ethical System of James 

 Martineau, 1894, and works on 

 Jewish and educational subjects. 



Hertzog, JAMES BARRY MUNNIK 

 (b. 1866). South African states- 

 man. Born in S. Africa of Dutch- 

 German stock, 

 he was one of 

 the Boer gen- 

 erals in the 

 war, 1899- 

 1902, after- 

 wards becom- 

 ing an ardent 

 champion o f 

 the cause of 

 the Boer na- J. B. M. Hertzog, 

 tionalists. He S. African statesman 

 was a member of the Union Cabinet, 

 1910-12, and as minister for educa- 

 tion urged the claims of the Dutch 

 language in the Orange River 

 Colony. His animosity against 

 Botha and Smuts, and his anti- 

 British views, caused his retire- 

 ment. In the Great War he and 

 ex-president Steyn refused to de- 

 nounce the rebellion of Beyers and 

 De Wet in the autumn of 1914. 

 He was elected leader of the 

 Nationalist party in 1915, and ad- 

 vocated Dutch supremacy. At the 

 general election of Feb., 1921, his 

 party was beaten by the S. African 

 party led by Smuts. In June 1924, 

 as the result of the general election, 

 he became prime minister. 



Heruli OR ERULI. Ancient Ger- 

 manic people. Their original home 

 was said to have been in the Cim- 

 bric Chersonese (Jutland). They 

 are first mentioned in the 3rd cen- 

 tury A.D. as inhabiting the steppes 

 near the Black Sea and the Danube 

 in alliance with the Goths. A war- 

 like people, they were ready to serve 

 any leader as mercenaries. In 476 

 they assisted Odoacer (Odavacar), 

 called King of the Heruli, to over- 

 throw the West Roman empire and 

 to establish himself as ruler of its 

 territories. After his downfall, the 

 Heruli dispersed and, after many 

 vicissitudes of fortune, disappeared 

 from history in the early part of 

 the 6th century. They are said to 

 have adhered to paganism longer 

 than any other Germanic people. 



Hervas y Panduro, LORENZO 

 (1735-1809). Spanish philologist. 

 Born May 10, 1735, he became a 

 Jesuit, and held professorships at 

 Madrid and Murcia. On the expul- 

 sion of the order from Spain in 

 1767, he settled in Italy, where he 

 produced his great work, Idea of 

 the Universe, 1778-92, a treatise 

 on cosmography in 21 volumes. 



Gustavo Herve, 

 French socialist 



enforced bis re- 



He also wrote Catalogue of the 

 known languages, and other works 

 on philology, to which study he 

 gave a great impetus, especially in 

 Italy. He was librarian of the 

 Quirinal Palace, Rome, from 1803 

 until his death, Aug. 24, 1809. 



Herve, GUSTAVE (b. 1871). 

 French socialist. Born near Brest, 

 Herv6 entered the teaching pro 

 fession, but lost 

 a post held at 

 Sens by reason 

 of his out- 

 spoken anti- 

 militarism. In 

 1905 he was 

 imprisoned for 

 similar attacks 

 on French 

 policy, but 

 pressure of 

 radical opinion 

 lease. Other prosecutions followed, 

 and in 1910 he was sentenced to 

 four years' imprisonment, which 

 was not, however, enforced. His 

 name had meanwhile become well 

 known by his conduct of La Guerre 

 Sociale, a strongly socialist and 

 anti-militaristic journal founded 

 in 1905. 



But on the outbreak of the 

 Great War Herve upheld his 

 country's cause with no less en- 

 thusiasm than he had previously 

 shown in denouncing it, and volun- 

 teered for service. His paper wds 

 renamed La Victoire. Among his 

 writings are Mes Crimes, 1912, a 

 trenchant plea for the liberty of 

 the press, and Apres La Marne, 

 1915, one of several volumes of 

 reprinted war articles. 



Hervey, ARTHUR (b. 1855). 

 British composer and critic. Born 

 in Paris, Jan. 26, 1855, of Irish 

 descent, he 

 was educated 

 at the Oratory 

 School, Bir- 

 ^^^ mingham. He 

 flu , ,3L I I then studied 

 iHkfc-^H I music, and 

 soon began to 

 compose, h i s 

 works includ- 

 ing orchestral 

 compositi o n s, 

 tone poems, an opera, Ilona, and 

 many songs. His Life Moods, or- 

 chestral variations, were played at 

 the Brighton Festival in 1910. He 

 also wrote books on French music, 

 and from 1892-1908 was musical 

 critic of The Morning Post, having 

 served Vanity Fair in a like capacity. 

 Among his books are French Music 

 in the Nineteenth Century, 1903, 

 and studies of Alfred Bruneau, 

 Franz Liszt, and Rubinstein. 



Hervey, JAMES (1714-58). Eng- 

 lish clergyman and devotional 

 writer. Born at Hardingstone, 



Arthur Hervey, 

 British composer 



