3982 



HIERARCHY 



E. Seymour Hicks. 

 British actor 



was engaged by 

 the K e n d a 1 s 

 and toured with 

 them in England 

 and America, re- 

 appearing in 

 London in f891 

 at The Court. 

 At Toole's 

 Theatre in Feb., 

 1892, he ap- 

 peared as An- 



-, -.. .. . jsututi * i y 



drew McPhaii m 



Barrie's comedy Walker, London. 

 From 1893-98 he was principal 

 light comedian at The Gaiety. He 

 built the Aldwych Theatre, which 

 he opened Dec., 1905, with Blue 

 Bell in Fairyland, and in Dec., 1906, 

 opened The Hicks (later The Globe) 

 Theatre, appearing in the musical 

 play, The Beauty of Bath. In 1902 

 he married EllalineTerriss (b. 1872). 

 He published his reminiscences in 

 1910, If I were Your Father, in 

 1919, and Difficulties, in 1922. 



Hicks, WILLIAM (1830-83). 

 British soldier, commonly known 

 as Hicks Pasha. He first saw 

 service in In- 

 dia, and acted 

 as brigade- 

 major in the 

 A byssinian 

 campaign of 

 1867-68. Leav- 

 ing the British 

 army in 1880, 

 Hicks was 

 appointed in 

 1883 to the 

 command of the Egyptian expedi- 

 tion against the Mahdi. The forces 

 of the latter were signally defeated 

 near Jebel 'Ayn on April 29, and 

 Hicks pushed forward up the 

 White Nile to Duem, whence he 

 branched off across the desert to 

 El 'Obeyd. Betrayed by their 

 guide, the Egyptian force fell into 

 an ambuscade at Kashgil and, after 

 defending themselves bravely for 

 three days till their ammunition 

 gave out, were virtually anni- 

 hilated. Hicks himself fell, Nov. 5, 

 1883. 



Hidalgo (Span, hijo de algo, son 

 of something). Spanish title. It 

 was formerly used of a member of 

 the lower nobility, but now seldom 

 denotes more than gentle birth. 

 The Portuguese form is fidalgo. 



Hidalgo. Central inland state 

 of Mexico. It covers an area of 

 8,637 sq. m. and forms part of the 

 great central plateau. It rises in 

 places to 10,500 ft., but the S. and 

 S.W. portions contain many fertile 

 valleys. The chief agricultural pro- 

 ducts are cereals, coffee, sugar- 

 cane, tobacco, and cotton, and the 

 agave is also cultivatf d for the pro- 

 duction of pulque, the national 

 drink. Mining ia an important 



William Hicks. 

 British soldier 



industry, silver and iron being the 

 chief ores. Communication is pro- 

 vided by the Mexico Central, and 

 Vera Cruz and Mexico rlys. Pachuca 

 is the capital. Pop. 655,190. 



Hiddenite. Green transparent 

 variety of the mineral spodumene. 

 It was first discovered by W. E. 

 Hidden in America. Its colour is 

 due to the presence of chromium, 

 and the crystals cut and polished 

 have been used as substitutes for 

 emeralds, which it resembles. 



Hide. Anglo-Saxon measure of 

 land. There has been much discus- 

 sion about its size, the estimates 

 ranging from 30 to 120 acres. It 

 began as the amount of land neces- 

 sary to support a single household, 

 which was probably the labour of 

 eight oxen for 120 days in the year. 

 After a time it was regarded as 

 consisting of 120 acres, not neces- 

 sarily acres of 4,840 yards, but 

 smaller ones. In each hide were 

 four virgates. 



At the time of the Conquest the 

 hide was primarily a unit of assess- 

 ment, not a measure, and this ia 

 why it figures so regularly in 



Hide. Term used for the skin of 

 an animal. Any skin is a hide, but, 

 commercially, hide is used for the 

 undressed skins of oxen, horses, 

 and other large animals, those of 

 goats, calves, and sheep being 

 known usually as skins. These are 

 prepared, and in the form of 

 leather are used for many purposes. 

 See Leather ; Tanning. 



Hieraconpolis. Greek name of 

 the ancient city Nekhen at Kom 

 el-Ahmar, Upper Egypt. Situate 

 near the left bank of the Nile, 44 m. 

 above Luxor, it was the residence of 

 the predynastic kings of the S., and 

 sacred to the hawk- headed god 

 Horus. Quibell's excavations, 1897- 

 98, yielded superb examples of early 

 art, including a mace-head and pa- 

 lette of Narmer, a red-gold hawk's 

 head, and a copper statue of Pepy I. 



Hierapolis. Ancient city of 

 Phrygia, Asia Minor. Situated 

 near the river Maeander, above the 

 Lycus valley, its ruins exist at the 

 present day. It was famed for the 

 worship of Leto or Latona. It is not 

 to be confounded with Hierapolis 

 (mod. Mambej) in Syria, about 50 



Hierapolis. Part o! the ruins of the ancient Phrygian city, near the river 

 Maeander 



Domesday, where the holdings are 

 given in hides. Taxes were paid 

 on the number of hides, which had 

 little relation to the size of the 

 holding. The tax, generally one of 

 2s. per hide, was known as hidage, 

 but afterwards as carucage. 



The hide was also used in Anglo-' 

 Saxon times to express a man'a 

 social standing or the value of his 

 oath, while the unit of five hides 

 occupied an important place in the 

 military system of early England. 

 In the Danish parts of England the 

 carucate took the place of the 

 hide. It should be said that the 

 evidence ia very conflicting, and 

 that there [were doubtless small 

 hides of 30 acres. See Domesday 

 Book ; consult also Domesday 

 Book and Beyond, F. W. Maitland, 

 1897; Feudal England, J. H. 

 Round, 1909. 



m. N.E. of Aleppo, called Bambyce 

 by the Greeks and noted for its 

 temple to Astarte. 



Hierarchy (Gr. hieros, sacred ; 

 archein, to govern). Literally, ad- 

 ministration of sacred things. The 

 term was first used by the sixth 

 century writer known as Dionysius 

 the Areopagite, in his treatise On 

 the Heavenly and Ecclesiastical 

 Hierarchies. By the celestial hier- 

 archy is meant the angels, arch- 

 angels, and all the company of 

 heaven (see Hymn of Praise in the 

 Communion Service). The Jewish 

 hierarchy included the high priest, 

 priest, and Levite. In the Christian 

 Church the term means the pre- 

 siding officers. It is used also of 

 any body of officials organized in 

 ranks and orders, to define priestly 

 government, and to classification 

 in biology and logic. 



