HIERONYMITES 



HIGGINSON 



KH, 



(?). 

 SH, 

 K, 



and p. 



The following are the alpha- 

 betic characters with approximate 

 values : 



jj^ A, and often used like the 

 Heb. fr$. A, a short a, e or i 

 sound. fl 'A, like Heb. ^. 

 (](| or \\ I, Heb. 1 . ^ U or W, 

 like Heb.} or V J B, Ffeb. ^. 

 D P, Heb. Q. *i^_ F, like 



Arab. cJ. |^or / M, Heb. ft. 



'vwwv N, Heb. ^. <=> R or L, 

 Heb. -) and ^. |T1 H, Heb. H. 

 | H, Arab. C. or 

 Heb. PT H S, Heb. 

 p S, Heb. &(?). 

 Heb. ty. ^Q.Heb. p. 



Heb. 3. S G . Heb. 

 d T, Heb. J-|. J T(?). Z==> 

 TH (?). *=> T or DH, Heb.E. 

 1 | TCH. Hieroglyphs are 



written both in columns and hori- 

 zontal lines ; in the former case 

 they are read from right to left or 

 left to right, according as they face. 

 Every hieroglyph can be used to 

 express an idea, in which case it is 

 i-alled an " ideograph," or a sound, 

 in which case it is called a 

 '" phonetic " ; phonetics may be 

 either alphabetic or syllabic. Thus 



H as an ideograph is a finger, 



<fy a heart, and mm a block of 

 stone, rr> a mouth, and ~w the 

 wavy surface of water ; but <= 

 and *** are used as simple phonetic 



characters in the word < " > Qj) ? 

 "naire." Ideographic signs may 

 be interpreted either literally, e.g., 



\ \ \ field, y wall, IvX cat, or 



en J-S) 



symbolically, e.g., j axe, which 

 is symbolic of God, J a musical 

 instrument, which is symbolic of 



, . ,, xx ~? , . 



]oy, gladness, y -\i a bier 



with a mummy on it, which is 

 symbolic of " death." 



When a word is written with 

 phonetic characters, a character is ' 

 usually added to indicate the mean- 

 ing, and this is called a "determi- 



M 



native." Thus B|- o when it 



means " to stand " has the de- 

 terminative of a pair of legs added 



thus w Dv "A"" , and when the 



word means *' boat " the determina- 



t 11 n 

 tive of a boat is added . 



. IM( . n 



similarlv E3 fl to be stable, and 

 ^"^>-> pain, are determined bv ] , 



IAA _C J " U ' 



which represents an abstract idea, 

 and by ^-n?" , a bird symbolic of 

 evil or anything unpleasant. Some 

 words have several determinatives, 



f'ff-, A \ | qebh, " c l water," is 

 written 4 J f (5 ^^ J=L , i.e., the 



j A I 1 AA^AAAA 



signs for a libation vase, and water^ 

 and pool are added. The plural 

 of a word is indicated by three 

 strokes placed after it thus, ^^ ^ 

 man, ^^ ^ J men, or by 

 ^^,or^^j. The 

 numbers 1-9 are represented by 

 strokes, <?.#., Hill or j'j'j =5; the 

 sign n = 10 > =100, J 1000, 



10,000, 



= 100,000, = 



1,000,000, and Q = 10,000,000. 



See The Rosetta Stone, with 

 large plate, published by the Brit- 

 ish Museum, and Guide to the 

 Egyptian Collections in the British 

 Museum. 



Hieronymites. Order of her- 

 mits, an offshoot of the Francis- 

 cans, who took their name from S. 

 Jerome (Gr. Hieronymos). They 

 were founded in the 14th century 

 by Thomas of Siena, and were 

 known as Gregorians, Brethren of 

 the Common Lot. and Brethren of 

 Goodwill. They had houses in 

 Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Ba- 

 varia. See Asceticism ; Hermit. 



Hieronymus of Card! a. Greek 

 soldier and historian. He served 

 under Alexander the Great and 

 after Alexander's death under 

 Eumenes of Cardia, in Asia Minor. 

 He transferred his allegiance to 

 Antigonus when the latter de- 

 feated and killed Eumenes in 316 

 B.C., and to his successors, Deme- 

 trius and Antigonus Gonatas, in 

 whose reign he died at the age of 

 104. Hieronymus wrote a history 

 of the period between the death 

 of Alexander and that of Pyrrhus. 

 It has not been preserved, but was 

 utilised by Plutarch in his life of 

 Pyrrhus. 



Hierophant (Gr. hieros, divine, 

 phaincin, to expound). Official 

 name of the initiating priest at the 

 Eleusinia (q.v.). His duty was to 

 exhibit and interpret the sacred 

 symbols employed in the mysteries. 

 In Rome the title was sometimes 

 applied to the Pontifex Maximus. 



Hierro OR FERRO (Iron Island). 

 South-westernmost and smallest 

 of the Canary Islands in the Atlan- 

 tic, belonging to Spain. Of vol- 

 canic origin, it is well wooded and 

 mountainous, the highest point 



being 4,640 ft. Little of the land is 

 cultivated, as springs and streams 

 are lacking, but on the pasture 

 land a small breed of sheep is 

 reared for export. Wine, fruit, 

 honey, and brandy are produced. 

 Anciently supposed to be the most 

 westerly land, its meridian is said 

 to have been known to Ptolemy, 

 and it has been used by Continental 



fographers from the time of Louis 

 III for measuring longitudes. 

 The conventional meridian used by 

 cartographers is 17 39' 45" W. of 

 Greenwich, or 20 W. of Paris ; the 

 true meridian is, however, 18 7' 

 5" W. of Greenwich. The capital is 

 Valverde. Pop. about 7,000. 



Higdon, RANULF (d. c. 1363). 

 English chronicler. A Benedictine 

 monk of S. Werburg's, Chester, 

 where he spent 64 years of his 

 life, his famous work is his Poly- 

 chronicon, a history of the world 

 from its beginning down to the 

 death of Edward III. An English 

 version by John Trevisa was 

 printed by Caxton in 1482. 



Higgins, HENRY BOURNES (b. 

 1851). Australian lawyer. The 

 son of Rev. John Higgins, he was 

 born at Newtownards, in Ireland. 

 His education was begun in Dublin, 

 but was completed at the uni- 

 versity of Melbourne, whither he 

 went in 1870. After a distinguished 

 career there, he became a barrister 

 in 1876. In 1894 he was chosen 

 a member of the legislative assem- 

 bly of Victoria, which state he 

 represented on the federal conven- 

 tion. He entered the federal parlia- 

 ment in 1901 as M.P. for Melbourne, 

 N., and in 1904 was made attorney- 

 general of the commonwealth. In 

 1906 Higgins was appointed a 

 judge and president of the common- 

 wealth court of conciliation and 

 arbitration. Hispublicationsinclude 

 a work on the Commonwealth Act. 

 Higginson, SIR GEORGE WENT- 

 WORTH ALEX ANDER(b. 1826). Brit- 

 ish soldier. The son of George P. 

 Higginson, a 

 general in the 

 army, he wrs 

 born June 21, 

 1826. Educa- 

 ted at Eton, he 

 entered the 

 Grenadier 

 Guards in 1845 

 and served 

 Sir G. Higginson, with the 

 British soldier Guards during 

 Russeii t h e Crimean 



War. From 1879-S4 he com- 

 manded the brigade of Guards 

 and the home district, and he re- 

 tired with the rank of general in 

 1893. In 1889 he Avas knighted. 

 He wrote Seventy-one Years of a 

 Guardsman's Life, 1916. See 

 Butler, Lady. 



