H1GHGATE 



3986 



HIGHLAND 



H.M.S. Highflyer, British second class cruiser 



Cribb, Southsea 



displacement 5,600 tons; the 

 engines have 10,000 h.p., giving 

 a speed of 20 knots, the armament 

 being eleven 6-inch, and seven- 

 teen smaller, with two submerged 

 torpedo tubes. When Belleville 

 boilers were first introduced into 

 the navy, the Highflyer, fitted with 

 these, ran competitive trials 

 against ships that had the ordinary 

 locomotive boilers. The data thus 

 obtained led to the general intro- 

 duction of water-tube boilers. The 

 Hermes, a sister ship, and one of 

 the vessels against which the High- 

 flyer was pitted, was torpedoed 

 Oct. 31, 1914. The Hyacinth is the 

 other cruiser of the type. The 

 Highflyer sank the German cruiser 

 Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse off the 

 Ouro river on the W. African coast, 

 Aug. 27, 1914. 



High gate. Residential suburb 

 of N. London. The S. part of the 

 district is in the met. bor. of St. 

 Pancras, and part in that of 

 Islington ; the N. part, situated 

 on a summit, 426 ft., E. of its 

 sister height of Hampstead (?.?'.), 

 is just outside the London co. 

 boundary and in the co. of Middle- 

 sex. There are stations on the G.N. 

 and Hampstead (Tube) Rlys., and 

 frequent tram and 'bus services. 



At the foot of Highgate Hill is 

 Whittington's Stone, on the tra- 

 ditional site of the stone on which 

 Dick Whittington is said to have 

 sat as he heard Bow Bells chiming 

 the refrain, Turn again, Whitting- 

 ton, thrice lord mayor of London. 

 At the foot of the Archway Road 

 are the almshouses, known as Whit- 

 tington College, removed from the 

 city in 1822 Between the two 

 thoroughfares named is the Hoi- 

 born Union Infirmary. On the W. 

 side of Highgate Hill are the Isling- 

 ton Infirmary, S. Joseph's Retreat, 

 1875-76, enlarged 1862 and 1889, 

 mother house of the Passionist 

 Fathers in England, and Waterlow 

 Park, 29 acres, containing Lauder- 

 dale House, presented to the 

 public by Sir Sydney Waterlow in 



1 1889, with High- 

 gate Cemetery to 

 the W. 



Open spaces, to 

 the N., are High- 

 gate Wood and 

 ; Queen's Wood, 70 

 acres, public since 

 1886. The Village 

 1 and its High Street 

 retain something of 

 their rural charm. 

 Here are the Gothic 

 parish church of 

 I S. Michael, 1832, 

 I the spire of which 

 is a conspicuous 

 landmark ; Crom- 

 well House, said 

 to have been built by the Protector 

 for General Ireton and now a con- 

 valescent home for children ; and 

 the Grammar School, 1865-68, 

 founded by Sir Roger Cholmley, 

 1576-78, the chapel of which, 

 covering the old burial ground of 

 Highgate Chapel, has a crypt con- 

 taining the grave of S. T. Coleridge. 

 On West Hill is Holly Lodge, 

 once a residence of the duchess of 

 St. Albans and later the home of 

 the Baroness Burdett-Coutts. Cole- 



Dickens, J. S. Copley, George Eliot, 

 F. D. Maurice, C. G. Rossetti, 

 and Tom Sayers. 



Highgate' s history goes back 

 to the 14th century. It was once 

 in the old forest of Middlesex, a 

 hunting ground of Henry VIII. 

 The bishops of London had a 

 hunting park here, and the name is 

 usually derived from a toll-gate 

 erected at the top of the hill when 

 the bishop in the 14th century 

 allowed a road to be made through 

 his park. Another and voluntary 

 toll used to be levied on passing 

 travellers, who were invited at the 

 Toll Gate Inn and other hostelries 

 to take the Highgate Oath, in 

 return for which, and expenditure 

 on drink, they were declared free 

 of the local liberties. In the Arch- 

 way Road, opened in 1813, is the 

 archway, built originally of stone 

 to connect Highgate with Crouch 

 End, and replaced by the existing 

 steel structure in 1900. Pop. 

 13,400. See History of Highgate, 

 F. Prickett, 1842. " 



Highland. Term used for a 

 tract of country standing at a con- 

 siderable height above sea level. 

 It has no reference to the struc- 

 tural character of 

 the land, whether 

 produced by fold- 

 ing or erosion, 

 whether mountain 

 chainsorplateaux. 

 In N. and S. 

 America there are 

 great highland 

 systems to the W. 

 and lower high- 

 lands to the E. 

 Almost the whole 

 Africa is high- 



ridge lived in The 

 Grove. Other 

 notable residents 

 include Francis 

 Bacon, who died 

 in the now de- 

 molished Arundel 

 House ; several 

 earls of Arundel. 

 Lauderdale, Nell 

 Gwynn, Ireton, 

 Andrew Marvel 1, 

 Leigh Hunt, the 

 Howitts, Arabejla 

 Stuart, Henry 

 Sacheverell, S i r 

 Richard Baker, author of The 

 Chronicles of England; Charles 

 Mathews, Selina, countess of Hunt- 

 ingdon, and Bishop Atterbury. S. 

 Michael's Church was consecrated 



Highgate. The Archway, Gate, and Tavern as they were 



in 1825. Top left, the modern archway which replaced 



the old structure in 1900 



land. In Europe the highlands are 

 found in the N.W., the centre, and 

 the S. , while in Asia they cover the 

 greater part of the S. and S.E. 

 In general, highland areas sup- 



in 1839. In Highgate Cemetery port fewer people than lowlands, 

 are buried Michael Faraday, Lord but there are important excep- 

 Lyndhurst, the parents of Charles tions, e.g. the open, grassy plateaux 



