HIGHLAND 



3987 



HIGHLAND 



of S. Africa and of the Sudan, 

 which are located in low latitudes, 

 so that elevation in their case, by 

 reducing the temperature, actually 

 promotes settlement. Highlands 

 frequently act as barriers to com- 

 munication and thus hinder inter- 

 course between peoples living on 

 different sides of the barrier, e.g. 

 the Pyrenees, Caucasus. Alps, and 

 Himalayas. 



Highland areas are frequently 

 inhabited by races driven there 

 by stronger invaders who have 

 taken possession of adjacent plains. 

 In their highland homes they pre- 

 serve their own language, manners, 

 etc. Further, highland regions, 

 owing to their relative poverty, are 



Highland Cattle. 



Carrick Sir Fergus, a champion bull. 



Charles Reid 



Top right, cow 



frequently unable to support all 

 their inhabitants. Thus, their 

 greatest contribution to the world 

 is often their export of people. 



Highland Cattle. Breed of 

 cattle found mainly in Argyllshire 

 and the Western islands of Scot- 

 land. Whether it be the indigenous 

 wild breed of the district or not, it 

 is undoubtedly of great antiquity, 

 and not greatly altered from the 

 old Celtic shorthorn. It is the 

 hardiest of all British breeds, and 

 is left largely to roam the moun- 

 tains in a half-wild state and to 

 pick up its own living. It is prac- 

 tically free from disease, and its 

 beef is of high value. Its long, 

 shaggy coat varies in colour from a 

 creamy yellow to reddish brown 

 and black, and it is often kept in 

 parks for ornamental purposes. 

 See Cattle, colour plate. 



Highland Light Infantry. 

 Regiment of the British army, 

 Formerly the 71st and 74th Foot, 

 it was first raised in 1777 by Lord 

 Macleod, and in 1780 proceeded to 

 India. For bravery at Assaye in 

 1803 it was presented with a third 

 colour. Further honours were won 

 in the Peninsular War, while at 



Highland Light 

 Infantry badge 



Waterloo the regiment .took part in 

 the charge against Napoleon's im- 

 perial guard. Later campaigns 

 were in South 

 Africa, 1851-53, 

 the Crimean 

 War, the Indian 

 Mutiny, the 

 Egyptian W T a r, 

 1882, including 

 the storming of 

 Tel-el-Kebir, and 

 the South African 

 War, 1899-1902, 

 where it was engaged at the Modder 

 River and at Magerslontein. 



In the Great War the two regu- 

 lar battalions were early in France. 

 The 2nd crossed in Aug., 1914, as 

 part of the second division. The 

 1st went from India somewhat 

 later, and with the 9th battalion 

 (Territorial) saw fighting at La 

 Bassee, Dec ,.1914. 



Battalions fought in the first 

 battle of Ypres, 1914 ; at Loos, 



1915, in which the 2nd, 10th, 

 llth, and 12th battalions also 

 took part; and on the Somme, 



1916. In September, 1918, a party 

 of the l/5th battalion made a 

 notable stand at Moeuvres. In 1915 



other battalions were in Gallipoli. 

 The depot is at Hamilton, Lanark- 

 shire. See Army, colour plate. 



Highland Mary. Heroine of 

 some of the noblest of the songs of 

 Robert Burns ('/.v.). According to 

 the generally accepted theory, her 

 name was Mary Campbell, and she 

 and the poet plighted troth and 

 exchanged bibles, but marriage 

 was made impossible by her sud- 

 den death at Greenock in 1786. 

 She was buried in the graveyard 

 of Old West Kirk, Greenock, 

 where a monument was erected to 

 her memory. In 1920 her remains 

 were reinterred in Greenock ceme- 

 tery, the old burial ground having 

 been absorbed by the extension of 

 a shipbuilding yard. See Dunoon ; 

 consult Burns, W. E. Henley, 1898. 



Highland Railway. Scottish rly. 

 co. A line between Inverness and 

 Nairn was opened in 1855. In 1865 





Highland Mary. The monument 



as it stood in the graveyard of Old 



West Kirk, Greenock 



