H.I.H. 



HILL 



H.I.H. Abbrev. for His (or Her) 



Imperial Highness. 



Hilary OR HILARIUS (c. 300-368). 

 Saint and bishop. Born at Poitiers, 

 France, the son of pagan parents 

 of high social standing, he was con- 

 verted to Christianity about 350. 

 Chosen bishop of his native city 

 about 353, probably from the rank 

 of a laic, he became famous as 

 an opponent of Arianism. He was 

 banished to Phrygia by the Emperor 

 Constantius, 356-360. He died at 

 Poitiers, Jan. 13, 368, and was 

 declared a doctor of the Church 

 by Pius IX, 1851. 



Hilary wrote a History of Synods, 

 a survey of the councils of the 

 East on Arianism ; a defence of 

 the Nicene faith, addressed among 

 others to the British bishops ; 

 a work of permanent value on The 

 Trinity, denning the philosophic 

 doctrine of the divinity of Christ, 

 and a smaller tractate against the 

 Arians. His other writings included 

 a commentary on Matthew and 

 an exposition of the Psalms. His 

 hymns are lost. Churches at 

 Wallasey, Cheshire ; Spridlington, 

 Lincolnshire ; and the village and 

 church of S. Hilary, Cornwall, are 

 named in his memory. See S. Hilary 

 of Poitiers, J. G. Cazenove, 1883. 



The narno Hilary Sittings, pe- 

 culiar to the English law courts, is 

 a survival of Hilary Term (Jan. 11 

 -Jan. 31 ), named after the festival 

 of the saint, and one of the four 

 terms of the legal year, for which 

 Hilary Sittings was substituted in 

 1873. These sittings begin on Jan. 

 1 1 and end on the Wednesday before 

 Easter. In the Inns of Court (q. v.), 

 Hilary is one of the four dining 

 terms, Jan. 11-Feb. 1. Hilary term 

 is the name given at Oxford Uni- 

 versity to the term which begins on 

 Jan. 14 and lasts until the Saturday 

 preceding Palm Sunday. See Term. 



Hilda OR HILD (614-680). Eng- 

 lish saint and abbess. Daughter of 

 a nephew of King Edwin of North- 

 umbria,and baptized byPaulinus in 

 627, she adopted the monastic habit 

 when 33 and went to East Anglia 

 with a view to emulating the ex- 

 ample of her sister Hereswid, a nun 

 of Chelles, near Paris. She became 

 abbess of Hartlepool, and in 657 

 founded the Benedictine abbey at 

 Whitby where, as at Hartlepool, she 

 presided over a community of men 

 and women. Here she received the 

 poet Caedmon (q. v. ), who, under her 

 advice, became a monk ; her coun- 

 sel was sought by some of the most 

 influential people in the country. 

 Shortly after founding a monastery 

 at Hackness, she died at Whitby, 

 Nov. 17, 680. See Vita Sanctae 

 Hildae, A. D. H. Leadman, 1902 ; 

 Dictionary of Saintly Women, 

 A. B. C. Dunbar, 1904. 



Hildburghausen. Town of 

 Germany, in Saxe-Meiningen. It 

 stands on the Werra, 10 m. by 

 rly. S.E. of Meiningen, and S. of 

 the Thuringian Forest. It pos- 

 sesses an old Rathaus, a technical 

 institute, and school of agriculture, 

 as well as several churches. It has 

 also a park and a theatre. The 

 castle, in which its dukes formerly 

 lived, is now a barracks. There are 

 a number of manufactures, chiefly 

 textiles, but also toys and mach- 

 inery. Hildburghausen was in the 

 Middle Ages part of Thuringia, and 

 then of Saxony. From 1683 to 

 1 826 it was the capital of the small 

 duchy of Saxe - Hildburghausen. 

 The palace was built before 1700, 

 by the first duke. Pop. 7,700. 



Hildebrand. Name of Gregory 

 VII before he was chosen pope. Of 

 Teutonic origin, it means battle- 

 sword, and appears in the Nibe- 

 lungen Lied. It is occasionally used 

 as a Christian name to-day. See 

 Gregory VII. 



Hilden. Town of Germany, in 

 the Rhine prov. of Prussia. It lies 

 6 m. S.E. of Diisseldorf, and is an 

 industrial town. Among its manu- 

 factures are machinery, carpets, 

 and other textiles. Pop. 16,900. 



Hildesheim. City of Germany, 

 in the Prussian prov of Hanover. 

 It lies 18 m. S.S.E. of Hanover,- in 

 the valley of the Innerste. The 

 chief ecclesiastical buildings are 

 the cathedral, S. Michael's Church, 

 and the churches of S. Andreas, 

 S. Godehard, and the Magdalen. 

 The cathedral, erected in the llth 

 century, suffered from unwise 

 restoration in the 18th; it con- 

 tains some good early work and 

 many relics and antiquities. S. 

 Michael's, founded in the llth cen- 

 tury, was restored in the 19th 

 century, and is one of the most 



^^Mfe, ' 



IP V 



Hildesheim. The Roland Hospital, 



with carved beams and panels. 



built in 1611 



beautiful Renaissance churches in 

 Germany. On the flat ceiling of the 

 nave are some paintings illustrat- 

 ing the genealogy of Christ. The 

 city has many interesting secular 

 buildings, among them the Rathaus 

 (14th century), the Kaiscrhaus, and 

 the Tempelhaus. A wooden build- 

 ing, the restored guildhouse of the 

 butchers, is noteworthy, as are the 

 market square of the old town and 

 a fountain. Of the museums the 

 Romer is the chief. The suburb of 

 Moritzberg has an abbey church 

 dating from the llth century and 

 restored in the 18th. The city's in- 

 dustries include ironfounding and 

 sugar-refining. It has a service of 

 electric tramways. 



Hildesheim was made the seat 

 of a bishop in 814. In 1241 it 

 joined the Hanseatic League and 

 was a free city until 1803. It was 

 in the Middle Ages a centre of Ger- 

 man art. Pop. 54,800. 



Hill, ROWLAND HILL, IST VIS- 

 COUNT ( 1 772-1 842 ). British soldier. 

 Born at Prees Hall, near Hawk- 

 stone, Shrop- 

 shire, Aug. 11, 

 1772, he was a 

 son of Sir John 

 Hill, Bart. He 

 1 entered the 

 4p**jf army in 1790, 

 SJj|teM) an d served 

 | under Aber- 

 1st Viscount HilC cromby in 

 British soldier Egypt in 1 80 1 , 



After W. Halnei being ill COm- 



mand of the 90th regiment. During 

 the Peninsular War he was present 

 at most of the chief battles, and at 

 the end of the war was one of the 

 five of Wellington's chief officers 

 honoured with a peerage in 1814. 

 He also did notable service at 

 Waterloo. He was commander-in- 

 chief from 1828-42, a position 

 which he filled with conspicuous 

 success. In 1842 he was created Vis- 

 count Hill, and died near Shrews- 

 bury, Dec. 10, of the same year. 



Hill, CARMEN (b. 1883). British 

 singer. Born in Aberdeen, she 

 studied at the Royal Academy of 

 Music, and made her first public 

 appearance in London in 1903. 

 Her success made her well known 

 as one of the leading mezzo- 

 soprano singers in Britain. 



Hill, DAVID JAYNE (b. 1850). 

 American his- 

 torian and dip- 

 lomatist. Born 

 at Plainfield, 

 New Jersey, 

 June 10, 1850, 

 he was edu- 

 cated at Buck- 

 nell Univer- 

 sity, and in 



Paris and Ber- David Jayne H^ 

 lin. He was American historian 



