HILL 



president of Bucknell, 1879-88, 

 and of the University of Rochester 

 until 1896. As an authority on 

 diplomacy and international law, 

 in 1899 he was appointed pro- 

 fessor of European diplomacy in 

 the school of comparative juris- 

 prudence at Washington, and con- 

 currently was an assistant sec- 

 retary of state. From 1903-11 he 

 represented his country as am- 

 bassador in Europe : first to 

 Switzerland, then to the Nether- 

 lands, and from 1908-11 in Berlin. 

 He was a member of the Hague 

 Tribunal, and a delegate to the 

 second peace conference. In 1914 

 he was an unsuccessful candidate 

 for the Senate. Hill's most im- 

 portant books are on diplomacy, 

 especially his valuable A History 

 of Diplomacy in the International 

 Development of Europe, in six vols. 

 He also wrote lives of Washington 

 Irving, 1879, and W. C. Bryant, 

 1879 ; The Life and Work of Hugo 

 Grotius, 1902 ; and Impressions of 

 the Kaiser, 1918. 



Hill,FLORENCE DAVENPORT (1829 

 -1919). British philanthropist. 

 Her early childhood was spent in 

 the Vale of 

 Health,Hamp- 

 stead, where 

 her parents en- 

 joyed the so- 

 ciety of Leigh 

 Hunt, Joanna 

 Baillie, and 

 others. When 

 still in her 

 girlhood she 

 assisted her 

 father, then 

 recorder of 

 Birmingham, in his many writings 

 to promote the creation of reform- 

 atories for juvenile offenders. In 

 1868 she wrote Children of the 

 State, in which she urged the 

 abolition of the old system of 

 herding them together in work- 

 houses, and advocated boarding 

 out in cottage homes. 



In the early 'seventies she became 

 one of the first female poor law 

 guardians. In 1908 Miss Hill drafted 

 the bill for the installation of chil- 

 dren's courts, which secured that re- 

 form. She also took a great inter- 

 est in female suffrage. Her home at 

 Headington, near Oxford, was a 

 philanthropic centre. In her work 

 she was actively assisted by her 

 sisters Rosamond and Joanna. 

 She died Nov. 2, 1919. 



Hill, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN 

 (1835-1903). British author. Born 

 at Tottenham, Middlesex, England, 

 June 7, 1835, he was a nephew of 

 Sir Rowland Hill, the postal re- 

 former. Educated at Bruce Castle 

 School and Pembroke 1 College, Ox- 

 ford, he was, 1859-76, headmaster 



Florence D. Hill, 

 British philanthropist 



Elliott & Fry 



G. Birkbeck Hill, 

 British author 



3992 



of Bruce Castle School, founded by 

 his father, and then adopted au- 

 thorship,de voting himself especially 

 to the life and times of Samue 

 Johnson. He died at Holly Hill, 

 Hampstead, Feb. 27, 1903. 



He brought out Dr. Johnson, 

 His Friends and His Critics, 1878 ; 

 Wit and Wisdom of Dr. Johnson, 

 1888; Foot- 

 steps of Dr. 

 Johnson in 

 Scotland, 

 1890; John- 

 sonian Miscel- 

 lanies, 2 vols., 

 1897; edited 

 Boswell's Cor- 

 respon d e n c e, 

 1879;Bosweirs 

 Li f e o f ]) r- 

 Eiiiott&Fry Johnson, 6 



vols., 1887; Rasselas, 1888; Select 

 Essays of Dr. Johnson, 1889; Letters 

 of Johnson, 2 vols., 1892; Johnson's 

 Lives of the English Poets, 3 vols., 

 1905 ; and was the author of a 

 Life of Sir Rowland Hill, 2 vols., 

 1880 ; Colonel Gordon in Central 

 Africa, 1881 ; Goldsmith's Travel- 

 ler, 1888 ; Worldly Wisdom of Lord 

 Chesterfield, 1891 ; Writers and 

 Readers, 1892 ; Harvard College, 

 by an Oxonian, 1894 ; Letters of 

 D. G. Rossetti to William Ailing- 

 ham, 1897 ; Unpublished Letters of 

 Dean Swift, 1899 ; and Memoirs of 

 tbe Life of Edward Gibbon, 1900. 

 His letters appeared 1903-6. 



ffill, JAMES JEROME (1838-1916). 

 American rly. magnate. Born in 

 Ontario, Sept. 16, 1838, he gradu- 

 ated at Yale and from 1856-65 was 

 employed in clerical work in St. 

 Paul, Minnesota. In the latter year 

 he became agent of the N.W. 

 Packet Co. and in 1870 organized 

 the Red River Transport Co., by 

 which communication was estab- 

 lished between St. Paul and Winni- 

 peg. From 1879-90 he controlled 

 the St. Paul, Minneapolis, and 

 Manitoba railroad, which he had 

 founded, and on its incorporation 

 with the Great Northern became 

 president of the latter, which, with 

 its transcontinental line to Puget 

 Sound, ran a steamship line to 

 China and Japan. Hill controlled 

 many large railway and banking 

 enterprises. He died May 29, 1916. 

 Hill, JOHN (c. 1716-75). British 

 quack doctor. An unsuccessful 

 apothecary with a leaning towards 

 literature, in 1746 he produced 

 The British Magazine, and on the 

 ueath of this journal contributed a 

 series of gossiping letters signed 

 The Inspector to The London Ad- 

 vertiser, which gained him a cer- 

 tain reputation. Running foul of 

 Fielding, he drew on himself a 

 severe castigation in the latter's 

 Covent Garden Journal, 1752 ; he 



HILL 



also abused Garrick, Woodward 

 the actor, and Christopher Smart. 

 In 1759 he returned to his herbal 

 studies and began The Vegetable 

 System, an undertaking which re- 

 duced him to poverty, and he was 

 obliged to earn a livelihood by 

 quack doctoring. He died Nov. 21, 

 1775. His life's work may be 

 summed up in Garrick's epigram : 



For physic and farces his equal there 



scarce is, 

 His farces are physic, his physic a farce 



Hill, LEONARD ERSKINE (b.1866). 

 British physiologist. The son of 

 G. Birkbeck Hill, he was born June 

 2, 1866, and educated at Hailey- 

 bury. Graduating at University Col- 

 lege, London, he became professor 

 of physiology in the London Hos- 

 pital. Amongst other works he 

 published Physiology and Patho- 

 logy of the Cerebral Circulation, 

 1896; Manual of Human Phy- 

 siology, 1899 ; Physiology for Be- 

 ginners, 1902; Text-book of Phy- 

 siology, 1919. 



Hill, OCTA VIA (1838-1912). Brit- 

 ish philanthropist. She received 

 her education at home, and early 

 undertook the 

 management 

 of homes for 

 the people 

 in London. 

 I Among her 

 numerous 

 charitable and 

 social aotivi- 

 t i e s were 

 efforts on be- 

 Octavia Hill, half nf wn 



British philanthropist [l 



men s umver- 



After Sargent, by cotir. . 



leiy o} Charity Organ. Slty Settle- 

 ment s, t h e 



preservation of the public commons 

 and of places of historic interest. 

 She was connected almost from 

 the first with the Charity Organisa- 

 tion and Kyrle societies. She was 

 a member of the royal commission 

 on the Poor Laws, 1905. Among 

 her published works were Homes of 

 the London Poor, and Our Common 

 Land. She died Aug. 13, 1912. 



Hill, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879). 

 British reformer. Born at Kidder- 

 minster, Dec. 3, 1795, he was for 

 some time en- 



ing,after which 

 he devoted his 

 attention t o 

 matters of 

 social and 



fublicinterest. 

 n 1837 he 

 pu blished a 

 pamphlet en- 

 titled Post 

 Office Re- 

 form, in which he advocated a uni- 

 form rate of postage at a penny a 

 half ounce prepaid by an adhesive 



