Hittites. Beliefs from Carchemish, the Hittite city. 1. A warrior. 2. Winged sphynx or chimaera. 3. Warriors in 

 procession. 4. Two winged demons. 5. The citadel mound of Carcbemish from the north. 6. Hieroglyphic inscrip- 

 tions. 7. Reliefs depicting family life. 8. Woman carrying a child and leading a lamb. 9. Two personages of distinction 



By courtesy of the Trusteet of the British Museum 



sometimes embraces the confeder- 

 acies of city states whereof this 

 tribe usually formed the head. 



Eastern Asia Minor was occu- 

 pied in prehistoric times by agri- 

 cultural slender-limbed long-heads 

 related to the neolithic brown race 

 of the Mediterranean region, Elam, 

 and W. Turkistan. They were sub- 

 jugated by scattered immigrant 

 bands of sturdy, alpine round- 

 heads from Armenia and the Cau- 

 casus, who were aidftd by a know- 

 ledge of implements and weapons 

 of the early copper-age culture. 



They also bred and harnessed the 

 horse, which long afterwards was 

 imported from them by Solomon 

 (1 Kings 10). 



Well established by the end of 

 the 3rd millennium B.C., this early 

 Cappadocian activity, through one 

 of its offshoots, overturned the first 

 dynasty of Babylon about 1925 B.C. 

 But its efforts to secure political 

 cohesion were impeded by the 

 mountain barriers, while the na- 

 tions around possessed the advan- 

 tage of sea and river communica- 

 tions. The upland tribes accord- 



ingly tended to segregate into in- 

 dependent city states. At length, 

 about 1400, a dynasty was founded 

 by Subbiluliuma, who welded his 

 neighbours into a close-knit king- 

 dom, organized into princedoms 

 and prefectures, wherein women 

 were accorded official rank. This 

 kingdom reduced the Mitannian 

 kingdom in N. Mesopotamia to a 

 protectorate, held Kadesh as a 

 frontier-outpost, made treaties on 

 equal terms with Egypt, main- 

 tained relations with Babylon, and 

 lasted until overthrown in 1200 



