HOBOKEN 



HOCHKIRCH 



as Liberal M.P. for E. Somerset. 

 Almost at once he left the part} 7 on 

 Home Rule, but as a Unionist he 

 remained in the House of Commons 

 until 1906. Hobhouse, who was 

 made a privy councillor in 1902, 

 was long chairman of the Somerset 

 County Council, and in 1890 was 

 made an ecclesiastical commis- 

 sioner. He took special interest in 

 education, being a member of the 

 royal commission on secondary 

 education, and in local govern- 

 ment, on which he wrote. His son 

 Stephen was imprisoned as a con- 

 scientious objector during the 

 Great War, and published an 

 account of his experiences. 



Hoboken. City of New Jersey, 

 U.S.A., in Hudson co. It stands on 

 the W. side of the Hudson river, 

 adjoining Jersey City, and is served 

 by the Lehigh Valley and other 

 rlys. On the opposite shore of the 

 river is New York, with which 

 Hoboken is connected by ferries 

 and two subterranean tunnels. The 

 principal buildings are the Stevens 

 Institute of Technology, S. Mary's 

 Hospital, and the public library. 



Hoboken is an important port 

 for the shipment of coal, and is the 

 terminus of several European 

 steamship lines. Its industrial 

 establishments include foundries, 

 machine, marine engine, motor fire- 

 engine, and elevator works, and 

 leather, lead pencil, silk, casket, 

 wall-paper, chemical, and cork 

 manufactories. Hoboken occupies 

 the site of a Dutch farm which was 

 razed by the Indians in 1643. It 

 was laid out as a town in 1804, 

 incorporated in 1849, and chartered 

 as a city in 1855. Pop. 78,320, 

 mostly Germans. 



Hoboken, WEST. Town of New 

 Jersey, U.S.A., in Hudson co. It 

 adjoins Hoboken, and is served by 

 the Lehigh Valley and other rlys. 

 It occupies an elevated position a 

 short distance W. of the Hudson 

 river, and contains a public library, 

 S. Michael's Monastery, and several 

 churches. Silks and embroideries are 

 the leading manufactures; others 

 are braid, clothing, chemicals, and 

 feathers. West Hoboken, originally 

 a part of Bergen, was incorporated 

 in 1884. Pop. 38,775. 



Hobson, JOHN ATKINSON (b. 

 1858). British economist. Born at 

 Derby, July 6, 1858, he was 

 educated at Derby School and 

 Lincoln College, Oxford. He was a 

 schoolmaster until 1887, when he 

 became a university extension 

 lecturer for Oxford and London 

 universities. During this time 

 Hobson made a special study of 

 economics, and began his associa- 

 tion with the group opprobriously 

 called Little Englanders, and with 

 the intellectual Socialists. His 



R. P. Hobson, 

 American sailor 



writings were undoubtedly able and 

 scholarly, if extreme, presentations 

 of his case, as was his advocacy of 

 free trade. His 

 books include 

 Problems o f 

 Poverty, 1891; 

 The Problem 

 of the Unem- 

 ployed, 1896 ; 

 The War in 

 S. Africa, 

 1900; The 

 J. A. Hobson, Psychology of 

 British economist Jingoism, 

 Elliott & Fry 1901; The 



Science of Wealth, 1911 ; The New 

 Protectionism, 1916 ; and Taxation 

 in the New State, 1919. 



Hobson, RICHMOND PEARSON (b. 

 1870). American sailor. Born in 

 Alabama, Aug. 17, 1870, he was 

 educated at the 

 U. S. naval 

 academy, after- 

 wards studying 

 for his pro- 

 fession in Paris. 

 He became a 

 constructor, but 

 saw active ser- 

 vice in the war 

 against Spain, 

 being at the 

 bombardment of Matanzas and 

 the expedition against San Juan 

 de Puerto. His great exploit, 

 however, was the sinking of the 

 Merrimac on June 3, 1898, at the 

 entrance to Santiago Harbour, this 

 being an attempt to shut in the 

 Spanish fleet. This feat made him 

 for a time the idol of America. In 

 1903 he retired from the service, 

 and from 1906-15 was a member 

 of Congress for Alabama. 



Hobson, THOMAS (c. 1544-1631 ). 

 Cambridge carrier and livery-stable 

 keeper. His invariable refusal to 

 allow any horse to be taken from 

 his stables except in its proper turn 

 is said to have given rise to the 

 proverb Hobson's choice, i.e. take 

 it or leave it. He regularly con- 

 tinued his journeys to London until 

 1630, when they were suspended 

 on account of the plague. Milton 

 wrote two humorous epitaphs on 

 him, and a street and conduit in 

 Cambridge are named after him. " ' 



Hobson- Jobson. Anglo-Indian 

 term denoting a native festal 

 excitement, especially during the 

 Moharram celebration of the death 

 of two of Mahomet's grandsons. It 

 is the British soldiers' version, 

 traceable back to 1829, of the 

 wailing cry Ya Hasan, Ya Hosain. 

 Earlier variants were Hossy Gossy, 

 1673 ; Hossein Jossein, 1720; and 

 the Dutch Jaksom Baksom, 1726. 

 The term was chosen by Sir H. 

 Yule and A. C. Burnell as the title 



of their glossary of colloquial 

 Anglo-Indian words and phrases, 

 rev. ed. 1903. The most familiar 

 word of Hobson-Jobson type is 

 Blighty (q.v.). 



Hoche, LAZARE (1768-97). 

 French soldier. Born June 25, 

 1768, he became a soldier in the 

 Guard before 

 the Revolution. 

 He remained in 

 the army after 

 the fall of the 

 monarchy, 

 and in 1792 

 became an 

 officer. In 1793 

 he was made 

 a general, and 

 in the same 

 year was placed at the head of an 

 army. In the winter of 1793-94 he 

 won several brilliant victories over 

 the Austrians and Russians, but 

 was soon imprisoned as a traitor. 

 He was speedily released and in 

 the field again, and his next ex- 

 ploits were against the royalists who 

 were in arms in La Vendee. He was 

 successful there, but he met with 

 failure when he organized and led 

 an expedition to invade Ireland in 

 1796. He was afterwards in a 

 command on the Rhine. Hoche had 

 just resigned the post of minister 

 for war, which he had held but a 

 few weeks, when he died at Wetzlar, 

 Sept. 18, 1797. Pron. Ohsh. 



Hochelaga. Name of a suburb 

 of Montreal and of a county in the 

 island of Montreal. It preserves the 

 name of a native village inhabited 

 by the Hochelaga or Beaver 

 Indians, which stood where is now 

 the city of Montreal. Jacques 

 Cartier found it here in 1535, hut 

 eighty years later it had dis- 

 appeared, and in 1642 Montreal 

 was founded. See Montreal. 



Hochkirch OR HOCHKIRCHEN 

 BATTLE OF. Fought during the 

 Seven Years' War, Oct. 14, 1758, 

 between the Prussians on the one 

 side and the Austrians and their 

 allies on the other. Hochkirch is 

 a village near Dresden. After his 

 victory over the Russians at 

 Dorndorf, Frederick the Great 

 hastened to the help of his brother 

 Henry, whose army covering 

 Dresden was faced by a much 

 stronger one. Moving to Hoch- 

 kirch, where he found the foe, 

 Frederick decided to a.ttack, but 

 by a coincidence Daun, the 

 Austrian leader, made the same 

 resolve. The result was a desperate 

 encounter on the morning of the 

 14th, the Austrians having used 

 the night to surround their foes. 

 > The Prussians fought well, but 

 at length were driven from the 

 field, leaving many guns as spoil. 

 They lost about 10,000 men out of 



