H6DMEZO-vXsXRHELY 



4018 



HOP 



and Space, 1865 ; The Philosophy 

 of Reflection, 1878; The Meta- 

 physic of Experience, 1898. Hodg- 

 son was president of the Aristotelian 

 Society, and died on June 16, 1912. 



Hodmezo-Vasarhely. Town 

 of Hungary, in the co. of Csongrad. 

 It stands on Lake Hodos, near the 

 right bank of the river Tisza 

 (Theiss), from whose floods it is 

 protected by dykes. Modern in ap- 

 pearance, the town has several im- 

 posing buildings, including a town 

 hall, hospitals, and a gymnasium. 

 It lies in a fertile, agricultural 

 district, and the township includes 

 nearly 300 sq. m. of the surround- 

 ing territory. It is noted for a fine 

 breed of horned cattle, and rears 

 horses, sheep, and pigs. There are 

 extensive vineyards in the locality, 

 and choice white and red wines are 

 produced. Cereals, chiefly wheat, 

 oats, barley, maize, and millet, are 

 grown, and brewing, oil-refining, and 

 the manufacture of tobacco are car- 

 ried on. Pop. 62,394, mostly Mag- 

 yars, and two-thirds Protestants. 



Hodograph (Gr. hodos, way, 

 course ; graphein, to describe). 

 Curve of which the radius vector 

 represents the magnitude and direc- 

 tion of a moving particle. If, from 

 any fixed point, lines be drawn at 

 every instant representing in mag- 

 nitude and direction the velocity of 

 a point describing any path in any 

 manner, the extremities of these 

 lines form a curve which is called 

 the hodograph. It enables many 

 problems of motion to be solved in 

 a simple way. 



Hodonin, FORMERLY CODING. 

 Town of Czecho-Slovakia, in Mor- 

 avia. It stands on thj March, 34 

 m. S.E. of Brno (Brunn). It has an 

 important tobacco factory, brewer- 

 ies, sawmills, etc. Pop. 12,200. 



Hodson, WILLIAM STEPHEN 

 RAIKES (1821-58). British soldier. 

 Born at Maisemore Court, near 

 Gloucester, March 19, 1821, and 

 educated at Rugby and Trinity 

 College, Cambridge, he entered the 

 army and proceeded to India. 

 Here he gained a unique reputa- 

 tion as adjutant, and eventually as 

 commander of a corps of guides. 

 In 1855, owing to confusion in the 

 regimental accounts, he was re- 

 moved from his command, but a 

 second court of inquiry cleared his 

 character. 



During the Indian Mutiny, Hod- 

 son did signal service as commander 

 of a body of irregular cavalry, 

 known as Hodson's Horse, and as 

 chief of the intelligence department. 

 After the taking of Delhi, with only 

 50 men, he pursued and brought 

 back the Mogul. On the following 

 day, with 100 men*, he tracked the 

 princes of Delhi to the tomb where 

 they had taken refuge. The princes 



surrendered, but as the mob seemed 

 likely to attempt a rescue, Hodson 

 shot the princes one by one with 

 his own hand, an act which was 

 most adversely criticised. He died 

 March 12, 1858. See Hodson of 

 Hodson's Horse, G. H. Hodson, 

 1858; Four Famous Soldiers, T. 

 R. E. Holmes, 1889; A Leader of 

 Light Horse, L. J. Trotter, 1901. 



Hoe. Instrument for breaking 

 up the ground. The hand hoe is 

 best made with a neck curved like 



1 



Hoe. Common forms of the garden 



implement. 1. Half moon. 2. 8-in. 



steel. 3. Onion hoe with handle. 



4. Dutch hoe 



that of a swan ; the horse-hoe, or 

 grubber, for cultivation between 

 the rows of roots or cereals, may 

 either be a small three-shared ma- 

 chine that can be drawn by one 

 horse, or a larger contrivance with 

 as many as ten tines. The uses 

 of the hoe are to remove weeds, 

 to break up winter cap, and to pro- 

 duce a surface mulch by which the 

 undue evaporation of moisture is 

 prevented. See Agriculture ; Egypt. 

 Hoe, RICHARD MARCH (181 2-86). 

 American inventor. Born at New 

 York, Sept. 12, 1812, son of Robert 

 r , m Hoe, an Eng- 



Jjjtoji^ \ lish emigrant, 

 | and inventor 

 of the Hoe 

 printing press, 

 he became a 

 partner in his 

 father's busi- 

 ness. He and 

 his two bro- 



Ricbard Hoe, thprs h^ramo 



American inventor tners 



managers of 



the firm in 1 841 , and five years later 

 produced a rotary press, the first of 

 its kind, named Hoe's Lightning 

 Press. An improvement appeared 

 in 1871, which printed on both 

 sides of the paper, which it cut and 

 folded. Hoe died at Florence, 

 June 7, 1886. See Printing. 



General von 



Hoeppner, 



German soldier 



Hoenir. One of the three gods 

 in Norse mythology, the long- 

 legged one, the lord of the ooze, 

 synonymous with stork. After 

 Midgard, the abode of mankind, 

 was formed, Odin, Hoenir, and 

 Lodur made man and woman 

 from an ash and an elm, Hoenir's 

 gift being speech. He is said to 

 have first used the divining rod 

 for revealing hidden waters. 



Hoeppner, GENERAL VON (1859- 

 1922). German soldier. He 

 came into prominence in the Great 

 War, serving in 

 the battle of 

 the S o m m e, 

 1916, as chief 

 of staff to Otto 

 von Below. In 

 Nov. he was 

 appointed 

 general in com- 

 mand of the 

 aerial forces, 

 including the 

 anti-aircraft 

 corps. Realizing the inferiority of 

 the German air service in the battle 

 of the Somme, he hastened pro- 

 duction and showed great enter- 

 prise, the construction and employ- 

 ment of the German air squadrons 

 being under his absolute control. 

 He organized the bombing raids 

 over England and behind the Allied 

 front in France, encouraged new 

 types of machines and new methods 

 of attack, and instituted rewards. 

 He died Sept. 28, 1922. 



Hoetzendorff, CONRAD FRANZ ; 

 BARON VON (b. 1852). Austrian 

 soldier. Born at Penzing, near 

 Vienna, Nov. 

 11, 1852, he 

 entered the 

 Austrian army 

 as a lieutenant 

 of infantry in 

 1871, and in 

 1908 became 

 general of 

 infantry and 

 inspector- 

 general. H e 

 was chief of 

 the general staff from 1912-16, 

 when, on account of the defeat of 

 the Austrians by Brusiloff in Ga- 

 licia, he resigned. In 1918 Hoet- 

 zendorff commanded the Austrian 

 forces whose attack on the British 

 and Italians on the Asiago plateau 

 was completely repulsed. 



Hof. Town of Germany, in 

 Oberfranken, Bavaria. It lies N.E. 

 of Baireuth, on the Saale, near 

 the Bohemian frontier. It pos- 

 sesses a Gothic Rathaus dating 

 from 1563, and a church dedicated 

 to S. Michael, consecrated in 1299, 

 both restored in the 19th century. 

 Hof is an important centre of the 

 textile industry. Pop. 41,130. 



Baron Conrad 

 von Hoetzendorff, 

 Austrian soldier 



