HOG PLUM 



HOHENLOHE 



Hog Plum (Spondias). Genus 

 of trees of the natural order Ana- 

 cardiaceae, natives of the tropics of 

 both hemispheres. The leaves are 

 divided into long, opposite leaflets, 

 and the flowers are small with four 

 or five each of sepals and petals. 

 The fleshy fruit is plum-like and 



Hog Plum. Leaf,, flowers, and fruit 

 of Spondias dulcis 



contains four or five seeds. These 

 fruits vary in flavour, according to 

 species, and some of them, though 

 palatable to natives, are not appre- 

 ciated by strangers. S. lutea, native 

 of the West Indies, is known as 

 golden apple and Jamaica plum. S. 

 dulcis, of the Society Islands, is the 

 sweet Otaheite apple, with a pine- 

 apple-like flavour. The unripe fruits 

 otS. mangifera are used as a pickle 

 in India. 



Hog's Back. Western termina- 

 tion of the North Downs in Surrey. 

 It is so called on account of its out- 

 line. It runs from Guildford to 

 Farnham, about 10 m. ; the height 

 of the chalk elevation is from 350 

 to 500 ft., and its breadth at the 

 top is about 500 yds. See Downs. 



Hog's Bank. Name given to a 

 long ridge W. of Longatte, near 

 Bullecourt, France. Here the sup- 

 port brigade of the British 59th 

 div. stemmed the German advance 

 towards Amiens, March 25, 1918. 

 See Somme, Battles of the. 



Hogshead. Old English mea- 

 sure of liquid capacity. In 1483 it 

 was fixed at 63 wine galls., equal to 

 52 impl. galls., but now it equals 

 54 galls, for beer, cider, etc. As a 

 large cask, its capacity varies ac- 

 cording to commodity and locality, 

 as for molasses, sugar, or tobacco. 

 See Weights and Measures. 



Hogue. British cruiser, one of 

 the three torpedoed by the German 

 submarine U 9 off the Dutch coast, 

 Sept. 22, 1914. Her loss of life was 

 372 officers and men. Twenty -four 

 of her crew were saved on a raft 

 and taken to Holland. See Cressy. 



Hohenberg, SOPHIE, DUCHESS 

 OF (1868-1914). Austrian princess. 

 Born at Stuttgart of noble parent- 

 age, she married Archduke Francis 



Ferdinand of Austria in 1900. The 

 alliance was morganatic and their 

 children, therefore, forfeited the 

 right of succession to the Austro- 

 Hungarian imperial throne to 

 which their father was heir ap- 

 parent. The duchess was driving 

 with her husband when he was 

 assassinated at Serajevo, June 28, 

 1914, and shared his fate. See 

 Francis Ferdinand ; Hapsburg. 



Hohenfriedberg, BATTLE OF. 

 Prussian victory over the allied 

 Austrians and Saxons in the war 

 of the Austrian Succession, June 

 3, 1745. Frederick the Great, 

 whose army of 65,000 was opposed 

 to the allied forces of Prince Charles 

 of Lorraine, 70,000 strong, had 

 been watching the advance of his 

 enemy upon Silesia, and had kept 

 his army concealed. Seizing an 

 opportunity of striking, during the 

 night of June 3. he manoeuvred 

 his men and guns, and at daybreak 

 opened a furious attack on the 

 enemy left wing. After two hours 

 of fighting the battle became 

 general, and despite a stiff resist- 

 ance on the part of the Austrians, 

 an irresistible charge of the Bai- 

 reuth dragoons finished the battle 

 with the capture of 2,000 prisoners 

 and 66 Austrian colours. 



Hohenheim. District and 

 castle of Germany. It is 6 m. S. of 

 Stuttgart. The castle, built 1785, 

 is used as a school of agriculture, 

 with a botanical garden. 



Hohenlinden, BATTLE OF. 

 French victory over the Austrians, 

 Dec. 3, 1800. The Austrian arch- 

 duke John, in order to cut off the 

 French army under Moreau, who 

 had established himself N. of the 

 Inn, resolved to cross the Lower 

 Inn and seize Munich. Hampered 

 by bad weather, the Austrians were 

 advancing through the driving 

 snow when, on Dec. 3, Moreau 

 launched an attack against them. 

 Ney and Grouchy engaged the 

 van, while Richepanse skilfully 

 attacked the rear, and, thus 

 caught between two shears, the 

 Austrian defence gave way. They 

 lost heavily, 10,000 casualties, and 

 as many prisoners, together with a 

 hundred guns. The French losses 

 were little more than 5,000. 



Hohenlohe. Former princi- 

 pality of Germany, consisting 

 mainly of the Jagst kreis of 

 Wiirttemberg. It lies to the E. of 

 Heilbronn on the Bavarian frontier, 

 and was mediatised in 1807. The 

 family of Hohenlohe, which traces 

 its descent from the 12th century, 

 was divided into two lines, Hohen- 

 lohe-Neuenstein, and Hohenlohe- 

 Waldenburg, in 1551, and has 

 produced several soldiers and 

 statesmen, two of whom, Prince 

 Friedrich Ludwig of Hohenlohe- 



Ingelfingen, and Prince Chlodwig 

 of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfiirst, are 

 mentioned in separate articles. 



Another prominent member of 

 the family was Prince Kraft' of Ho- 

 henlohe-Ingelfingen (1827-92), an 

 artillery officer, some of whose 

 works on military subjects were of 

 importance. Prince Alexander of 

 Hohenlohe- Waldenburg-Schillings- 

 fiirst (1794-1849) entered the 

 Church and became known as a 

 worker of miraculous cures, in 

 connexion with which he en- 

 countered the opposition of the 

 civil authorities. Prince Gustav of 

 Hohenlohe-Schillingsfiirst ( 1 823- 

 96), a brother of Prince Chlodwig, 

 was another eminent Churchman 

 who became a cardinal in 1866 and 

 took an active part in opposing the 

 Kulturkampf (q.v.). 



Hohenlohe - Ingelfingen, 

 FRIEDRICH LUDWIG, PRINCE OF 

 (1746-1818). Prussian general. 

 Born at Ingelfingen, Wiirttemberg, 

 Jan. 31, 1746, he saw service 

 against the Prussians during the 

 Seven Years' War. After this he 

 entered the Prussian army, rising 

 to high command by 1794, when 

 he beat the French at Kaisers- 

 lautern as a corps commander. In 

 1806, however, he was defeated by 

 Napoleon at Jena (Oct. 14), and, 

 despite personal gallantry, was 

 forced to surrender at Prenzlau with 

 17,000 men on Oct. 28. He died 

 near Kosel, Silesia, Feb. 15, 1818. 

 Hohenlohe - Schillingsfiirst, 

 CHLODWIG KARL VICTOR, PRINCE 

 OF (1819-1901). German states- 

 man. Bom at 

 Rotenburg, on 

 the Fulda, in 

 Hesse, March 

 31, 1819, of the 

 junior branch 

 of the family, 

 he entered the 

 diplomatic ser- 

 vice after some 

 years of pre- 

 liminary train- 

 ing as a civil 

 servant. From 

 1866-70 he was Bavarian minister 

 for foreign affairs and head of the 

 government, in which latter capa- 

 city he played an important part 

 in assisting Bismarck to bring 

 about the union of N. and S. Ger- 

 many. In 1874 he went as German 

 ambassador to Paris, and was one 

 of Germany's representatives at 

 the Berlin Congress of 1878. From 

 1885-94 he was governor of Alsace- 

 Lorraine, leaving Strasbourg only 

 to take the important post of im- 

 perial chancellor in place of Von 

 Caprivi. Most of his work as chan- 

 cellor was done behind the scenes, 

 but he was a steady supporter of 

 Bismarck's policy, and remained 



Prince Hohenlohe- 

 Schillingsfiirst, 

 German statesman 



