HOHENMAUTH 



4023 



HOME TAUERN 



the emperor's chief adviser until 

 Oct., 1900. He died at Ragatz, 

 Switzerland, July 6, 1901. The 

 publication of his Memoirs in 1906 

 caused a sensation by their candour 

 in certain directions. See Berlin, 

 Congress of ; consult Memoirs, Eng. 

 trans. G. W. Chrystal, 1906. 



Hohenmauth. Town and dist., 

 formerly in the Bohemian prov. of 

 the Austrian empire, now known 

 as My to Vysoke (q.v.). 



Hohenschwangau. Village 

 and castle of Germany, in Bavaria. 

 It lies 3 m. S.E. of Fiissen, at the 

 W. end of the Ammer Gebirge. 

 The castle belonged to the Guelph 

 family until 1567, when it passed 

 to the dukes of Bavaria, after- 

 wards becoming a royal residence. 



Hohenstaufen. Name of a 

 famous German family, members 

 of which were rulers of the medieval 

 empire from 1138-1254. The name 

 is taken from a hill near Lorsch, 

 in Wiirttemberg, on which the early 

 Hohenstaufens had their castle, 

 some remains of which still exist. 



The family first became promin- 

 ent in the llth century, towards 

 the end of which one of them was 

 made duke of Swabia. This gave 

 them an added importance in Ger- 

 many, especially in the time when 

 Henry V was emperor. Frederick 

 and Conrad of Hohenstaufen were 

 his nephews, and when he died, in 

 1125, Frederick, his heir, just 

 failed to secure his throne. In 

 1138, however, Conrad was chosen 

 German king. Frederick I Bar- 

 barossa succeeded him in 1152, 

 and then came Henry VI in 1190. 

 After a period of decline the 

 position of the Hohenstaufens was 

 restored by Frederick II, but when 

 his grandson Conradin was put to 

 death in 1268 the male line became 

 extinct. See Empire; Frederick I; 

 Frederick II. 



Hohenstein-Ernstthal. Town 

 of Germany, in Saxony. It stands 

 10 m. W. of Chemnitz. It is 

 chiefly occupied with textiles, 

 knitting, etc. Pop. 15,776. 



Hohenzollern. Name of the 

 family that supplied kings to 

 Prussia from 1701 to 1918 and 

 German emperors 

 from 1871 to 

 1918. The family 

 was first heard of 

 in S. Germany, 

 its earliest mem- 

 bers being nobles 

 who called them- 

 selves counts of 

 Zollern, the hill on 

 which their castle stood. This is 

 about 2 m. from Hechingen, which 

 is 30 m. from Stuttgart, and was 

 known as Hohen or High Zollern. 

 The castle, of which some ruins 

 remain, is said to have been built 



in the 9th century, but the first 

 authoritative mention of its counts 

 is in the llth. The existing castle 

 on the hill was built by Frederick 

 William IV (1795-1862). 



Frederick was always a favourite 

 name in this family, and in the 

 12th century two Fredericks, 

 father and son, were very useful 

 to the German kings of their time. 

 A third Frederick further in- 

 creased the importance of the 

 family by a marriage which made 

 him burgrave of Nuremberg. 



In 1227 the family lands were 

 divided, and two main branches of 

 the Hohenzollerns came into exist- 

 ence. The elder kept Zollern and 

 the lands there, and was known as 

 the Swabian : the younger supplied 



Hohenzollern 

 piovince arms 



Honenstamen. View o* iue Wuruemoeig lull on which 

 formerly stood the castle of the famous family 



burgraves to Nuremberg, and, as 

 that city was in Franconia, was 

 known as the Franconian. The 

 Franconian Hohenzollerns were the 

 more ambitious. One Frederick, 

 burgrave of Nuremberg, obtained 

 the principality of Baireuth, and 

 both he and his father, another 

 Frederick, had much to do with 

 the affairs of Germany in the trou- 

 bled 13th century The younger 

 Frederick, for instance, in 1273, 

 helped Rudolph of Hapsburg to 

 secure the throne so long held by 

 his descendants. His son, another 

 Frederick, obtained Ansbach, and 

 rendered invaluable service to 

 Louis IV. A later Frederick was 

 ^made a prince of the empire in 1363. 

 In 1415 the European import- 

 ance of the Hohenzollerns began. 

 Brandenburg was without a ruler, 

 and the emperor Sigismund gave 

 it to his friend, Frederick of Hohen- 

 zollern, who became its margrave 

 and one of the seven electors. This 

 shifted the power of the Hohen- 

 zollerns from S.*to N. Germany, 

 and henceforward they were iden- 

 tified closely with Brandenburg. 

 Under their rule its area and 

 wealth were increased, the most 



liam, under whom it became a 

 European power. In 1700 his son 

 Frederick became king of Prussia ; 

 and this title superseded the earlier 

 one. The family reached the sum- 

 mit of its greatness when William I 

 was crowned German emperor in 

 1871. Ansbach and Baireuth served 

 meanwhile as inheritances for 

 younger sons until, in 1791, they 

 were sold to the king of Prussia. 



All this time the Swabian 

 Hohenzollerns continued to rule 

 their lands in comparative ob- 

 scurity. The emperor Charles V 

 befriended them, and they soon 

 formed the lines Hohenzollern- 

 Hechingen and Hohenzollern-Sig- 

 maringen. Both rulers were princes 

 of the empire, and the} 7 maintained 

 their little courts 

 1 until 1848. Then 

 j they resigned their 

 I thrones and their 

 j territories became 

 the property of the 

 king of Prussia, ac- 

 cording to an ar- 

 rangement made 

 in 1695. The land 

 was formed into 

 the prov. of 

 Hohenzollern, and 

 was part of Prussia 

 until the revolu- 

 tion of 1918. These 

 Swabian Hohen- 

 zollerns took their 

 places as younger 

 members of the 

 house. One of them, Leopold, was 

 suggested as king of Spain in 1870, 

 and another, Charles, became king 

 of Rumania in 1881. The revolution 

 of 1918 reduced all the Hohenzol- 

 lerns, except the king of Rumania, 

 to the position of private individu- 

 als. See Germany; Prussia; William 

 II ; consult also The House of 

 Hohenzollern, E. A. B. Hodgetts, 

 1911. A. W. Holland 



Hohenzollern Redoubt. Name 

 given to an intricate trench for- 

 tress in the German first line at 

 the battle of Loos, 1915. It lay 

 about 4J m. N. of the village of 

 Loos, in the dept. of Pas-de-Calais. 

 It was pear-shaped, with its broad 

 end pointing N., and had a frontage 

 of 500 yds. See Loos, Battle of. 



Hohe Tauern. Range of mts. 

 in the Austrian Tirol. It trends 

 from W. to E., to the S. of Salz- 

 burg, between the Pinzgau and the 

 Puster Thai. The highest peaks 

 are the Gross Glockner (12,460 

 ft.) and the Gross Venediger 

 (12,000 ft.). The range, which is 

 continued W. by the ZillerthaJ 

 Alps and E. by the Niedere 

 Tauern, is crossed by no road, but 

 the rly. from Salzburg to Carinthia 



vigorous of them being perhaps and the S. passes it by means of a 

 the great elector Frederick Wil- series of tunnels. 



