HOLLAND 



4O29 



HOLLAND 



Dordrecht, Leiden, Delft, Gouda, 

 and Schiedam. The various 

 branches of the lower Rhine, the 

 Waal, Yssel, Lek, and Oude Rijn, 

 flow through the prov., forming 

 with the numerous canals a maze 

 of waterways. The country is 

 well cultivated. Area, 1,131 sq. m. 

 Pop. 1,648,570. See Netherlands. 

 Holland. City of Michigan, 

 U.S.A., in Ottawa co. It stands on 

 Black Lake or Macatawa Bay, 26 m. 

 S. of Grand Rapids, and is served 

 by the Pere Marquette rly. In- 

 dustries include flour-milling, tan- 

 ning, planing, and the manufacture 

 of machinery, furniture, pickles, 

 beet-sugar, and biscuits. Holland 

 was settled by the Dutch in 1847. 

 In 1871 it was almost entirely 

 destroyed by fire. Pop. 11,640. 



Holland, BARON. English title 

 borne, 1763-1859, by the family of 

 Fox. Its founder was Sir Stephen 

 Fox (q.v.). In 1763 his younger son, 

 Henry, was made Baron Holland ; 

 he was able to amass great wealth, 

 especially when paymaster-general. 

 In 1767 Lord Holland bought the 

 residence he named Holland House. 

 His eldest son, Stephen, succeeded 

 to the title, but it was a younger 

 son, Charles James, who made the 

 name of Fox illustrious and became 

 the idol of the Holland House circle. 

 In 1774 Stephen's son, Henry 

 Richard Vassall Fox, became the 

 3rd baron, and the title became ex- 

 tinct when his son, Henry Edward, 

 died in 1859. 



Holland, HENRY Fox, IST 

 BARON (1705-74). British politi- 

 cian. The younger son of Sir 

 Stephen Fox, 

 he was born at 

 Chiswick, Sept. 

 28, 1705. Edu- 

 cated at Eton, 

 he entered Par- 

 liament in 1735 

 for Hindon, in 

 Wiltshire, be- 

 coming a fol- 

 lower of Wal- 

 1st Baron Holland, pole. In 1 746 he 

 British politician ^asmadesecre- 



Afler Reynold* tary at war 



He joined Pitt in attacking 

 certain members of Newcastle's 

 ministry, of which, however, he 

 remained a member, and he was 

 one of the group who controlled, 

 by cynical arrangements among 

 themselves, the affairs of state 

 about this time. In 1755 Fox be- 

 came secretary of state and the 

 principal colleague of Newcastle, 

 but in 1757 he retired and was 

 made paymaster-general. In 1762 

 he was again leader of the House of 

 Commons as he had been under 

 Newcastle, but in 1763 Bute got 

 rid of him. He was then made a 

 baron, and he died July 1, 1774. 



Holland, HENRY RICHARD VAS- 

 SALL Fox, 3RD BARON (1773-1840). 

 British politician. Son of the 2nd 

 baron, he was 

 born at Win- 

 terslowe, Wilt- 

 shire, Nov. 

 2, 1773, and 

 was educated 

 at Eton and 

 Christ Church, 

 Oxford.Inl774 

 he succeeded to 

 3rd Baron Holland, the title and, 

 British politician influenc ed by 



After C.R. Leslie, R.A. hig uncle> 



Charles James Fox, began his career 

 as a Whig politician. In 1806 he 

 entered the Cabinet as lord privy 

 seal, but retired on the fall of the 

 government in 1807. He served 

 the Whig cause steadily during the 

 long years of Tory rule, and in 1830, 

 when the Whigs triumphed, was 

 made chancellor of the duchy of 

 Lancaster. He held that post, with 

 two short intervals, until his death, 

 at Holland House, Oct. 22, 1840. 



Holland married Elizabeth 

 Vassall, and took the name of 

 Vassall. This lady was first the 

 wife of Sir Godfrey Webster, Bart,, 

 from whom she was divorced in 

 order to enable her to marry her 

 lover. The pair made Holland 

 House a great social centre. Lord 

 Holland wrote Memoirs of the 

 Whig Party, 1852, and other books. 

 Lady Holland died in 1845, and in 

 1908 her Journal, edited by the 

 earl of Ilchester, appeared. See 

 The Holland House Circle, Lloyd 

 C. Sanders, 1908. 



Holland, SIR ARTHUR EDWARD 

 AVELING (b. 1862). British soldier. 

 Born April 13, 1862, he joined the 

 army in 1880 

 as lieutenant 

 in the artillery. 

 He served in 

 Burma, 1885- 

 89, and in the 

 S. African War, 

 1900. He was 

 appointed to 

 the staff in 

 Malta, 1903-5, 

 and was A. M.S. 

 at the War 

 Office, 1910-12. From Sept., 1912, 

 to Sept., 1914, he was commandant 

 of the Royal Military Academy, 

 Woolwich. He served during the 

 Great War, rising to the rank of 

 lieutenant-general, and in 1918 was 

 in command of the 1st corps. He 

 was knighted in 1918. 



Holland, SIR HENRY (1788- 

 1873). British physician. Born at 

 Knutsford, Oct. 27, 1788, he was 

 related to Mrs. Gaskell and Charles 

 Darwin. He was educated at 

 private schools and, after a time 

 passed in business in Liverpool, 



Sir A. E. A. Holland, 

 British soldier 



Russell 



Sir Henry Holland, 

 British physician 



went to Edinburgh to study 



medicine. Then he graduated, and 



in 1816 began to practise in Lon- 



don. He be- 



came physician 



to Queen Vic- 



t o r i a, was 



made F.R.S., 



and in 1853 a 



baronet. A 



great traveller, 



he wrote 



Travels in the 



Ionian Islands, 



Albania, Thes- 



saly, and Greece, 1815. He died 



Oct. 27, 1873. Sir Henry married a 



daughter of Sydney Smith, and his 



eldest son became Viscount Knuts- 



ford (q.v.). See his Medical Notes 



and Reflections, 1840 ; and Recol- 



lections of Past Life, 1872. 



Holland, HENRY SCOTT (1847- 

 1918). British divine. Born near 

 Ledbury, Jan. 27, 1847, he was 

 educated a t 

 Eton and Bal- 

 liol College, 

 Oxford, after- 

 wards becom- 



H. Scott Holland, 

 British divine 



ng a senor 

 student of 

 Christ Church 

 and tutor there 

 for twelve 

 years. Greatly 

 influenced by 

 Liddon, Hol- 

 land was ordained in 1872 and 

 soon became known as a powerful 

 preacher, especially after 1884, 

 when he was appointed canon 

 of S. Paul's. He remained there, 

 after the deaths of Church and 

 Liddon, until made regius professor 

 of divinity at Oxford in 1910. 

 Holland was an advanced Liberal 

 in politics. He wrote a Life of 

 Jenny Lind, 1909, and A Bundle 

 of Memories, 1915. He died at 

 Oxford, March 17, 1918. See A 

 Forty Years' Friendship, Letters 

 from Henry Scott Holland to 

 Mrs. Drew, ed. S. L. Ollard, 1919; 

 Henry Scott Holland: Some Ap- 

 preciations, C. Cheshire, 1919: 

 Henry Scott Holland, Memoir and 

 Letters, S. Paget, 1921. 



Holland, SIR THOMAS ERSKINE 

 (b. 1835). British jurist. Born 

 July 17, 1835, the son of a Sussex 

 clergyman, he 

 was educated 

 a t Brighton 

 College and 

 Balliol College, 

 Oxford. H e 

 became a bar- 

 rister and a 

 fellow of Exe- 

 ter College, 

 and soon 

 made a repu- 



tation as a 



Sir T. E. Holland. 

 British jurist 



RtUitll 



